Women in Tanzania
Tuma, biɛhigu, ni suhudoo zaŋ n-ti women in Tanzania nyɛla din kpaŋsi pam tum sɛnchiri pishi saha, ka di shɛhirili nya Samia Suluhu Hassan – bɛ tuuli tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun nyɛ paɣa. Amaa nyaaŋa din daa niŋ ka dobba n-kuli nyɛ yɛlikam la na nyɛla din bɛni (ka mani zalisi din nya amiliya dina ni mali ninvɛla ti musulinsi mini dolodolo adiini nima), – ka mani Dar es Salaam mini Arusha. Ban bi lahi kana tiŋgbani ŋɔ ka di yuui nyɛla ban yɛn nya lahaʒibsi zaŋ chaŋ paɣaba ban su daabiligu tuma nim, ban nya kpamba ni hali waasimana. Fitina pam zaŋ kpa paɣatali,[3] nti tabili alikaale tali ni shikuru, pa yooi la soli ti kpaŋsibu amaa a pa ku tooi lahi yɛli ni lala yɛla nyɛla din tabi paɣa fitina Tanzania.[4][5][6][7]
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| Yaɣ sheli | paɣa  |
|---|---|
| Facet of | women's history |
| Tiŋa | Tanzania |
| Sariyadiri baŋsim | Tanzania |
Maasai women in Tanzania | |
| General Statistics | |
|---|---|
| Maternal mortality (per 100,000) | 524 (2017) |
| Women in parliament | 36.7% (2020) |
| Women in labour force | 81.1 |
| Gender Inequality Index[1] | |
| Value | 0.560 (2021) |
| Rank | 146th out of 191 |
| Global Gender Gap Index[2] | |
| Value | 0.719 (2022) |
| Rank | 64th out of 146 |
Gender roles
mali niŋTanzania nira zaa piindila o dɔɣim ni ka di mɛ n-tam o nama zuɣu. Bipuɣinsi nyɛla bɛ ni tiri shɛba yuya, zaŋ yi bɛ nama polo, ka di kuli zaŋ diba kpari bɛ biɛhigu baŋbu polo. Bɛ booni la bipuɣinsi nyɛla hheekuuso'oo “bia ŋun yɛn tooi kom", ka boli bidibsi mi hee sla/a bee muk sla/a “muɣani bia". Hankali din be kali ŋɔ ni n-nyɛ paɣa lɛɛri ma, din zuɣu di tu ni paɣaba miriti bɛ dundona ka bori sabita tiri tirili ka be kasi.[8]
Amaa, kurimbuni ha, paɣaba daa pa kpɛri nyoɣu yɛri nyigo’ koliti - ka di wuhiri ni bɛ tumdi tuma gari dobba bɛ tiŋsi ni. Yuuni 2006, Tanzania tiŋgbani laɣingu nɛɛi lala yɛltɔɣa ni vihigu. Di daa wuhiya ni bidibsi mini bipuɣinsi zaa tumdi tuma puri ni, amaa bipuɣinsi bɛn lahi nyɛla ban lahi yɛn duɣi, tooi kom, ka tum tumdi dundɔŋni tuma ka bidibsi ban doya vuhiri guli bindirigu.[9]
Domestic differences
mali niŋKali ni, di ni ka bipuɣinsi lee yidan’ paɣaba, bɛ yidan' nim nyɛla ban ti ba politi ni bɛ ko’ bindira. Yidan' paɣatali tuma ŋɔ din Nyaaŋa, bihi ni ninkura gbubbu, yidan’ paɣaba ŋɔ n lahi su binmalima, biribu mini yihibu zaa, ka dobba ban tuma kuli nyɛla bin timsa kpuɣibu. Saha shɛli kam di yi ti niŋ ka yidan’ ŋɔ yi chaŋ tuma ni, paɣaba ŋɔ tuma n-nyɛli ni o lihiri bindira maa zuɣu. Di mini ŋɔ maa zaa yoli, yidan’ nim ŋɔ n-daa kuli su yiko zaŋ chaŋ politi polo ka paɣaba ban dini kuli nyɛla binyiha kohibu ko.[10]
Paɣaba ban nyɛri paɣatali vitina ŋɔ nyɛla din yiri na amilya yiya. Din ni daa niŋ ka paɣa bobigu bobu ni paɣaba zaŋ taɣi nɛma ni laɣiri niŋ bayana (tiŋkpansi pam tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni), bɛ daa lihiri ba mi ka bɛ ŋmani la nɛma. Lala kali che paɣaba kalli kamani vaabu pishi ni yini kobigi puuni yɛli ni bɛ ningbuna fitina bee varisiɣu zaŋ yi di polo – n-ti pahi fitina golibu (din tooi zooi ka di yiri na bɛ yidan’ nim sani). Di bɛi ma nyɛla, zalisi din be Tanzania nyɛla din bi ti paɣaba soli ni bɛ zo n-yi lala fitina amiliya yiya ŋɔ.[11]
Legal rights and parliamentary representation
mali niŋTiŋgbani ŋɔ yuuni 1977 zalikpana constitution ti paɣaba yiko yini zaŋ chaŋ bɛ zuɣu zabbu ka zaɣisi fitina zaŋ chaŋ nama polo.[12][13]
Yuuni 1971 zaligu din nya amiliya (Law of Marriage Act) wuhi yuma din saɣi amiliya niŋbu zali yuun’ pia ni anu zaŋ n-ti bipuɣinsi ni yuun’ pishi ayi'ka zaŋ n-ti bidibsi. Amaa hankali din be yuma waligimsim ŋɔ ni nyɛla din zaŋ na ni di wuhi waligimsim din be paɣaba tuma mini dobba tuma ni amiliya ni,[14] yuuni 2016, yɛltɔɣa din yɛn darigi bipuɣinsi amiliya yuma hali ni yuun’ pishi ayi'ka daa nyɛla din nya zaɣisibu din daa yina bihi piriba Rebeca Gyumi, ŋun su msichana initiative – zangama laɣingu din zabira paɣaba zuɣu rights of women.[15] Di ni daa niŋ ka o ka alikaale yee kpeei ŋɔ, daa che ka High Court daa ti gɔmnanti soli ni o tarigim bipuɣinsi amiliya yuma chaŋ yuun' pishi ayi'ka, ka di lun zahim bidibsi maa yuma maa.[16] Gɔmnanti daa sabi apiil yuuni 2019 amaa ka High Court na kuli zaa bɛ zaa maa.[17] Tanzania ka laasabu chichibiga zaŋ kpa bihi amiliya polo, amaa zangama laɣinsi zaŋ kpa sali yɛla zuɣu zabbu polo wuhi laasabu ni tiŋgbani ŋɔ na nyɛla din mali bihi amiliya nima din galisi anduniya zaa.[18][19]
Tanzanian Sexual Offences Special Provisions Act yihi amiliya yaa golibu tuun’ bɛiri ni.[20]
Yalimaŋli – Yuuni 1985, Tanzania daa pahila tuuli tiŋgbani shɛŋa ŋan daa ti paɣaba kalli din tu ni di be jinaduu ni kalli kuɣusi din kpaɣisi zali ka jintɔri paɣaba kalli ku zoora din ni hali ni zuŋɔ.[21][22] Jintɔri paɣaba piibu nyɛla din bi niŋdi sochibga: paati nim nyɛla ban yɛn zaŋ bɛ paati paɣaba yuya ti vooti tuma yilinima ka kuɣusi din kpaɣisi zali la pirigibu naan piligi ti paati shɛŋa ban nya vooti yaɣi vaabu bunu kobigi puuni vooti maa zaa ni. Lala zaligu ŋɔ maa daa pala din yuli yɛn kpa n-zaya hali ni woyo, di zuɣu paɣaba ni tooi yi kpaɣisi zali kuɣusi ŋɔ ni chaŋ ti bo piibupiibu yaɣali kuɣu vooti din Kanna ni.[22] Piibupiibu ŋan pun niŋ gari maa zaa ni, paɣaba ban tooi yi ti di piibupiibu yaɣa kuɣusi ŋɔ nyɛla ban kalli pɔri di yi zaŋ maɣisi ban di kpaɣisi zali kuɣusi maa.[21][23]
Di zaa yoli, silimin goli 19 March 2021, Samia Suluhu Hassan daa lee tuuli paɣa ŋun le Tanzania tiŋgbani zuɣulana – ka di lahi zaŋba kpahi du kari tiŋsi din pahi di yi kana paɣaba kpaŋsibu polo.
Lahi nyɛma
mali niŋKundivihira
mali niŋ- ↑ Human Development Report 2021/2022. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS.
- ↑ Global Gender Gap Report 2022. World Economic Forum.
- ↑ (2018-11-15) "Unequal power relations and partner violence against women in Tanzania: a cross-sectional analysis". BMC Women's Health 18 (1): 185. DOI:10.1186/s12905-018-0675-0. ISSN 1472-6874. PMID 30442127.
- ↑ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (2017-06-30). "'After getting pregnant, you are done': no more school for Tanzania's mums-to-be" (en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jun/30/tanzania-president-ban-pregnant-girls-from-school-john-magufuli.
- ↑ "Tanzania's proposed constitution empowers women to own land" (en). Reuters. 2014-10-08. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-foundation-tanzania-women-idUSKCN0HX1PF20141008.
- ↑ Human Development Data (1990-2017) | Human Development Reports.
- ↑ Data Explorer (en-US).
- ↑ Snyder, Katherine (2006). ""Mothers on the March"". Africa Today 53 (1): 83.
- ↑ Feinstein, Sheryl (2010). "Gender Inequality in the Division of Household Labour in Tanzania". African Sociological Review / Revue Africaine de Sociologie 14 (2): 98–109. ISSN 1027-4332.
- ↑ Mbilinyi, Marjorie (1972). ""The State of Women in Tanzania"". Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne Des Études Africaines 6 (2): 372-374.
- ↑ McCloskey, Laura Ann (2005-09-01). "Gender Inequality and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Moshi, Tanzania" (in en). International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 31: 124.
- ↑ The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania.
- ↑ Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania 1977, as amended to 2005.
- ↑ The Law of Marriage Act, 1971 (2021-12-04).
- ↑ About – Msichana Initiative (en-US).
- ↑ Msuya, N --- "The analysis of child marriage and thirdparty consent in the case of Rebeca Z. Gyumi v Attorney General Miscellaneous Civil Case no 5 of 2016 Tanzania High Court at Dar es Salaam" [2019 DEJURE 14].
- ↑ Victory Against Child Marriage in Tanzania (en) (2019-10-25).
- ↑ UK, Plan International (2017-12-22). Child marriage in Tanzania (en).
- ↑ What we've learnt from the national survey on child marriage in Tanzania (en).
- ↑ Sexual Offences Special Provisions Act, 1998.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 EISA Tanzania: Women's representation in the National Assembly.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 (2018) "Switches from quota- to non-quota seats: A comparative study of Tanzania and Uganda" (in en). CMI Brief 2018 (2).
- ↑ Yoon, Mi Yung (2008). "Special Seats for Women in the National Legislature: The Case of Tanzania". Africa Today 55 (1): 61–86. ISSN 0001-9887.