List of religions in Africa
Adiini gban sabila tingbana nyɛla multifaceted ka di nyɛ din zoogi ka di nyɛ art, culture ni philosophy puuni. Zɔŋɔ, gbansabila tingban daadam biɛlgu nyɛla ban pan zaŋ bɛ maŋ zaŋ n-ti Dolodolo daadiini, Musulinsi daadiini n ti pahi dagban dɔhili adiini shɛŋa din be Gbansabila tingbana ŋɔ ni.[2] Dolodolo daadiini ni bee Musulinsi daadiini ni, dihi tabili zaŋ kana adiini nim ŋɔ ni ni di tuma nyɛla din duntam syncretism zuɣu ni dihi tabili zaŋ chaŋ dagbandɔhili adiini polo.[3][4][5]
Traditional African religions
mali niŋAfrica nyɛla duniya yaɣi shɛli niriba ni mali dihi tabili pam zaŋ chaŋ dagbandɔhili polo. [6] Hali di ni kuli niŋ di ka dagban dɔhili adiini tuma nim nyɛ yaɣa pam ni tumdi shɛli ŋɔ, di bahi nyɛla din yi di ko n zaŋ ti ninvuɣu shaba bee tingban shaba.[7] Dagban dɔhili adiini nim di be Africa nyɛla ban zaa mali dihitabili zaŋ chanŋ animistic core polo ka di nyɛ din gba talahi pam zaŋ chŋ bɛ yaan nim jambu polo.[8]
Dr J Omosade Awolalu, yɛliya ni "olden" lala bachi ŋɔ gbunni ni di ni zaŋtum tuma luɣi shɛli ŋɔ nyɛla tuun kura din bi sabi n dɔya, ka nyɛ binshɛli bi ni zaŋdi n titr saha kam daadama, ni bɛ zaŋ li tum tuma ʒɛmani ŋɔ ni hali ʒɛmana din na yan kana. Bin'shɛŋa ti ni daa deegi ti yaannima sani nyɛla bɛ ni bi gbubi shɛli kamani kurumbuni ha bini, amaa bɛ zaŋ la di mini zɔŋɔ Dina n laɣin taba m malili kuri bukaata nim zɔŋɔ ni hali ni shɛma din ka bahigu.[5]
Di ni kuli yɛri labiri yɛri maa, Africa nyɛla tingbani din galisi pam, kalahi nyɛ tingban shɛli ban dihi tabili bɛ kali pam, ka lan mali bala pam di puuni.Tɛmplet:Clarify[5]
West African
mali niŋLala lahabali ŋɔ nyɛla din nyɛ nolini baŋsim, din nyɛ din sabi n do salinim suhurini, bɛ zuɣu purini, bɛ taada ni, yɛltɔɣa ni ni bɛ daa diini nim ni zaa tuma shɛhi.[9] Di ka ŋun namli bee ŋun zaŋli na kamani ; Gautama Buddha, Jesus, bee Muhammed.[10] Di lan nyɛla din ka ban tuhi di tooni chandi zuɣu. [11] Africa dagban dohili daa diini nim maa shɛŋa n nyɛ Serer din be Senegal la, Yoruba din be Nigeria la n ti pahi Akan zuliya ban be Ghana mini Ivory Coast la, ni Bono ban be Ghana ni ivory Coast la. Yaɣi shɛli bɛ ni boli western coast nyɛla bɛ ni lihiri ni shɛli gba nyɛla Yoruba mini Anglican adiini syncretism nima .[12] Adiini shɛli salo shabi bɛ ni mi ni Gbe peoples (mostly the Ewe and Fon) ban be Benin, Togo ni Ghana nyɛla bɛ ni mi shɛli Vodun ka di nyɛ din yina kurumbuni ha yushɛŋa ŋan daa booni kamani : Louisiana Voodoo, Haitian Vodou, Cuban Vodú, Dominican Vudú n ti pahi Brazilian Vodum la.
Waliginsim shɛŋa din be West African mini East bee Hornn adiini ni shɛŋa nyɛla; "supernatural" mini "natural" bee "tangible" din ni tooi nyɛ zaɣi yini bee yim. Clergymen din be adiini nim ŋɔ ni din mali salo pam la nyɛla bɛ ni mi shɛli ni waganga.[13]
Adiini buɣi shɛli din kuli yoli n zaŋ ti Cushitic Horners nyɛla Waaq, di ni nyɛ bɛ ni mi shɛli zɔŋɔ ni Waaqeffanna mini Waaqism la .[14] Sasabiri ŋun yuli booni Lugira, yɛliya ni dagban dɔhili adiini shɛŋa din be Africa la nyɛla adiini shɛŋa bɛ ni tooi yɛlli ni di daa pilli la gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani. Adiini shɛŋa din pahi be Afirika nyɛla din gba daa piligi dunia yaɣa shɛŋa dabam.[15]
Abrahamic religions
mali niŋGban sabila pam nyɛla ba piigi Dolodolo daa diini bee Musulinsi daa diini. Gban sabila nyɛla ban tooi laɣindi bɛ dagban dɔhili jama mini f Abrahamic religions taba.[16][17][18][19][20] Abrahamic religions nyɛla din zoogi pam gban sabila tingbana ni. Di nyɛla di yaligi African dagban dohili daa diini nim ni pam amaa ka zooi ka di saɣiri tiri African kaya ni taada biɛhisi . The World Book Encyclopedia nyɛla din mali laasabu yuuni 2002 ka yɛli ni Dolodolo adiini nyɛla vaai kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinahi ni anu gban sabila daadam biɛlim puuni, ka musulin nim gba vaai vaabu pihinahi kobigi puuni. Bɛ daa lan mali laasabu yuuni 2002 ka daa lan yɛli ni Dolodolo nim gbubila vaabu pihinahi ni anu 45% ka Musulin nim gbubi vaabu 40.6% gbansabila daadam biɛlim puuni.
Country | Population | Christian | Muslim | Irreligion | Hindu | Buddhist | Folk religion | Other religion | Jewish | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Algeria | 43,851,044 | 419,570 | 1.00 | 43,734,560 | 98.00 | 354,700 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 10,000 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 140,000 | 0.33 |
Egypt | 81,120,000 | 9,486,120 | 11.20 | 76,982,880 | 88.90 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,000 | 0.10 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Libya Libya | 6,360,000 | 171,720 | 2.70 | 6,143,760 | 96.60 | 12,720 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 19,080 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Morocco | 31,950,000 | 20,000 | 0.06 | 31,918,050 | 99.90 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3,200 | 0.01 | 2,200 | 0.04 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Sudan Sudan | 33,600,000 | 1,814,400 | 5.40 | 30,475,200 | 90.70 | 336,000 | 1.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 940,800 | 2.80 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tunisia | 10,480,000 | 20,960 | 0.20 | 10,427,600 | 99.50 | 20,960 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,100 | 0.10 |
Eastern Africa
mali niŋCountry | Population | Christian | Muslim | Irreligion | Hindu | Buddhist | Folk religion | Other religion | Jewish | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Tɛmplet:Country data Burundi Burundi | 13,162,955 | 12,294,199 | 93.40 | 276,422 | 2.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 477,960 | 5.70 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Comoros Comoros | 730,620 | 5,000 | 0.20 | 725,620 | 99.80 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Djibouti Djibouti | 893,450 | 20,470 | 2.30 | 862,410 | 96.90 | 1,780 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2,670 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,780 | 0.20 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Eritrea Eritrea | 5,250,000 | 2,625,000 | 50.00 | 2,520,000 | 48.00 | 5,250 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 21,000 | 0.40 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Ethiopia | 126,527,060 | 85,152,711 | 67.3 | 39,602,969 | 31.3 | 50,000 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2,156,700 | 2.60 | 0 | 0.00 | 25,000 | 1.00 |
Kenya[21] | 47,564,296 | 44,667,473 | 85.5 | 5,184,508 | 10.9 | 761,029 | 1.60 | 61,834 | 0.13 | N/A | N/A | 323,437 | 0.68 | 546,989 | 1.15 | N/A | N/A |
Tɛmplet:Country data Madagascar Madagascar | 28,812,195 | 24,403,929 | 84.7 | 893,178 | 3.1 | 1,428,990 | 6.90 | 10,000 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.00 | 931,950 | 4.50 | 20,000 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Malawi Malawi[22] | 17,563,749 | 13,581,623 | 77.33 | 2,426,754 | 13.82 | 376,784 | 2.15 | 3,211 | 0.02 | 5,506 | 0.03 | 186,284 | 1.06 | 983,587 | 5.60 | N/A | N/A |
Tɛmplet:Country data Mauritius Mauritius | 1,235,260 | 328,900 | 25.30 | 217,100 | 16.70 | 7,800 | 0.60 | 733,200 | 56.40 | 0 | 0.00 | 9,100 | 0.70 | 3,900 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Mayotte Mayotte | 200,000 | 1,400 | 0.70 | 197,200 | 98.60 | 400 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,000 | 0.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Mozambique | 34,173,805 | 21,187,759 | 62.00 | 6,493,022 | 19.00 | 4,186,810 | 17.90 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,730,860 | 7.40 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Reunion Reunion | 850,000 | 744,600 | 87.60 | 35,700 | 4.20 | 17,000 | 2.00 | 38,250 | 4.50 | 1,700 | 0.20 | 3,400 | 0.40 | 9,350 | 1.10 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Rwanda Rwanda | 13,400,541 | 12,569,707 | 93.80 | 294,811 | 2.20 | 382,320 | 3.60 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 106,200 | 1.00 | 21,240 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Seychelles Seychelles | 90,000 | 84,600 | 94.00 | 1,038 | 1.10 | 1,890 | 2.10 | 1,890 | 2.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 540 | 0.60 | 0 | 0.00 |
Somalia | 9,330,000 | 100 | 0.01 | 9,311,340 | 99.80 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data South Sudan South Sudan | 12,118,379 | 7,331,619 | 60.50 | 751,339 | 6.20 | 49,750 | 0.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3,273,550 | 32.90 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Tanzania Tanzania | 61,741,120 | 38,958,647 | 63.10 | 21,053,722 | 34.10 | 627,760 | 1.40 | 44,840 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 807,120 | 1.80 | 30,000 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.00 |
Uganda | 47,729,952 | 40,284,079 | 84.4 | 6,539,003 | 13.7 | 167,100 | 0.50 | 100,260 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.00 | 300,780 | 0.90 | 33,420 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Zambia Zambia | 20,216,029 | 19,730,844 | 97.60 | 202,160 | 1.00 | 65,450 | 0.50 | 13,090 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 39,270 | 0.30 | 117,810 | 0.90 | 0 | 0.00 |
Zimbabwe | 16,775,307 | 14,678,393 | 87.50 | 167,753 | 1.00 | 993,030 | 7.90 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 477,660 | 3.80 | 37,710 | 0.30 | 10,000 | 0.08 |
Eastern Africa | 333,970,000 | 238,006,180 | 71.27 | 73,510,760 | 22.01 | 9,371,310 | 2.81 | 982,040 | 0.29 | 1,700 | 0.00 | 11,288,190 | 3.38 | 760,090 | 0.23 | 11,780 | 0.00 |
Central Africa
mali niŋCountry< | Population | Christian | Muslim | Irreligion | Hindu | Buddhist | Folk religion | Other religion | Jewish | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Angola | 35,981,281 | 33,426,610 | 92.90 | 395,794 | 1.10 | 973,080 | 5.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 801,360 | 4.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Cameroon | 30,135,732 | 17,991,032 | 59.70 | 6,087,417 | 20.20 | 1,038,800 | 5.30 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 646,800 | 3.30 | 529,270 | 2.70 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Central African Republic Central African Republic | 4,403,540 | 3,938,000 | 89.50 | 862,000 | 15.00 | 44,000 | 1.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 44,000 | 1.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Chad Chad | 11,230,000 | 4,559,380 | 40.60 | 9,200,000 | 58.00 | 280,750 | 2.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 157,220 | 1.40 | 11,230 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Democratic Republic of Congo DRC | 111,859,928 | 104,161,811 | 95.80 | 2,125,338 | 1.90 | 1,187,460 | 1.80 | 30,000 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.00 | 461,790 | 0.70 | 65,970 | 0.10 | 2,500 | 0.00003 |
Republic of the Congo | 4,040,000 | 3,470,360 | 85.90 | 108,000 | 2.00 | 363,600 | 9.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 113,120 | 2.80 | 44,440 | 1.10 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea | 700,000 | 620,900 | 88.70 | 80,000 | 10.00 | 35,000 | 5.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 11,900 | 1.70 | 3,500 | 0.50 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Gabon Gabon | 1,510,000 | 1,155,150 | 76.50 | 169,120 | 11.20 | 84,560 | 5.60 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 90,600 | 6.00 | 10,570 | 0.70 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe São Tome and Príncipe | 170,000 | 139,740 | 82.20 | 6,000 | 3.00 | 21,420 | 12.60 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 4,930 | 2.90 | 4,080 | 2.40 | 0 | 0.00 |
Southern Africa
mali niŋCountry | Population | Christian | Muslim | Irreligion | Hindu | Buddhist | Folk religion | Other religion | Jewish | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Tɛmplet:Country data Botswana Botswana | 2,010,000 | 1,449,210 | 72.10 | 8,040 | 0.40 | 414,060 | 20.60 | 6,030 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.00 | 120,600 | 6.00 | 12,060 | 0.60 | 0 | 0.00 |
Eswatini | 1,193,560 | 1,051,526 | 88.10 | 2,400 | 2.00 | 120,190 | 10.10 | 1,190 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 11,900 | 1.00 | 4,760 | 0.40 | 0 | 0.00 |
2,170,000 | 2,105,560 | 96.70 | 3,000 | 0.10 | 67,270 | 3.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2,170 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
Tɛmplet:Country data Namibia Namibia | 2,280,000 | 2,223,000 | 97.50 | 6,840 | 0.30 | 43,320 | 1.90 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 4,560 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Saint Helena Saint Helena | 4,000 | 3,860 | 96.50 | 140 | 03.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
South Africa | 62,027,503 | 50,366,332 | 81.20 | 1,240,550 | 2.00 | 6,136,274 | 14.90 | 753,524 | 1.70 | 100,260 | 0.20 | 200,520 | 0.40 | 150,390 | 0.30 | 50,130 | 0.10
|
Western Africa
mali niŋCountry | Population | Christian | Muslim | Irreligion | Hindu | Buddhist | Folk religion | Other religion | Not Stated/Undeclared | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Benin | 13,852,780 | 5,690,500 | 48.00 | 3,141,320 | 28.00 | 442,500 | 6.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,601,850 | 18.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Burkina Faso Burkina Faso | 20,505,155 | 5,392,855 | 26.3 | 13,082,290 | 63.8 | 1,845,463 | 9.0 | 184,546 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||||
Tɛmplet:Country data Cape Verde Cape Verde | 512,450 | 445,500 | 89.10 | 800 | 2.00 | 45,500 | 9.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 7,500 | 1.50 | 1,000 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Gambia Gambia | 1,730,000 | 77,850 | 4.50 | 1,645,230 | 95.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,730 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Ghana[23] | 34,237,620 | 24,411,423 | 71.3 | 6,813,286 | 19.9 | 338,720 | 1.1 | 985,365 | 3.2 | 1,385,665 | 4.5 | ||||||
Guinea | 9,980,000 | 1,087,820 | 10.90 | 8,423,120 | 84.40 | 179,640 | 1.80 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 269,460 | 2.70 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Guinea-Bissau Guinea Bissau | 1,520,000 | 300,000 | 20.00 | 826,800 | 45.20 | 65,360 | 4.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 469,680 | 28.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Ivory Coast[24] | 29,389,150 | 11,696,880 | 39.8 | 12,490,390 | 42.5 | 3,703,033 | 12.6 | 646,450 | 2.2 | 205,725 | 0.7 | 646,560 | 2.2 | ||||
Liberia | 3,990,000 | 3,427,410 | 85.90 | 962,000 | 20.00 | 55,860 | 1.40 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 19,950 | 0.50 | 3,990 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 |
Mali | 19,329,841 | 491,840 | 3.20 | 17,508,400 | 95.00 | 414,990 | 0.60 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 245,920 | 1.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Mauritania | 4,594,525 | 3,000 | 0.10 | 4,591,525 | 99.90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Niger Niger | 15,510,000 | 124,080 | 0.80 | 15,261,840 | 98.40 | 108,570 | 0.70 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Nigeria | 230,842,743 | 113,805,472 | 49.3 | 112,651,258 | 48.8 | 633,680 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.00 | 10,000 | 0.01 | 2,217,880 | 1.00 | 90,000 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.00 |
Senegal | 17,745,000 | 887,250 | 5.00 | 16,325,400 | 92.00 | 35,490 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 496,860 | 2.80 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Sierra Leone | 5,870,000 | 1,226,830 | 21.00 | 4,578,600 | 78.00 | 5,870 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 46,960 | 1.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Tɛmplet:Country data Togo Togo | 6,030,000 | 2,635,110 | 43.70 | 1,562,000 | 20.00 | 373,860 | 6.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2,146,680 | 35.60 | 36,180 | 0.60 | 0 | 0.00
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Lihimi m-pahi
mali niŋLua bi niŋ dede:bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal')
Kundivihira
mali niŋ- ↑ (14 October 2022) "Religions by Continent". Journal of Religion and Demography 9 (1–2): 91–110. DOI:10.1163/2589742x-bja10013.
- ↑ cornwell, Gordon. Theological Seminary, African Christianity.
- ↑ Restless Spirits: Syncretic Religion Yolanda Pierce, Ph.D. Associate Professor of African American Religion & Literature
- ↑ AFRICAN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS - Tewahedo - Palo - Serer - Tijaniyyah - Vodon.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Dr J.O. Awolalu, Studies in Comparative Religion Vol. 10, No. 2. (Spring, 1976).
- ↑ Awolalu, Dr. J.O. Studies in comparative religion.
- ↑ Cheikh Anta Diop The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality, Chicago, L.Hill, 1974. ISBN 1-55652-072-7
- ↑ Vontress, Clemmont E. (2005), "Animism: Foundation of Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa", Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy, SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. 124–137, doi:10.4135/9781452231648, ISBN 9780761930471, retrieved 2019-11-01
- ↑ Leo Frobenius on African History, Art, and Culture: An Anthology, 2007 ISBN 1-55876-425-9
- ↑ Bolaji Idowu African Traditional Religion: A Definition, Maryknoll, N.Y., Orbis Books (1973) ISBN 0-88344-005-9
- ↑ J S MbitiAfrican Religions and Philosophy, African Writers Series, Heinemann [1969] (1990). ISBN 0-435-89591-5
- ↑ Warren, Dennis M. (1973). Disease, Medicine, and Religion Among the Techinan - Bono of Ghana: A Study in Culture Change (in English). Indiana University.
- ↑ Nicolini, Beatrice. "Spirit Possession, Islam, and European Power." Shackled Sentiments: Slaves, Spirits, and Memories in the African Diaspora (2019): 137.
- ↑ Aseffa, Abdi, Bula Sirika Wayessa, and Temesgen Burka. "“I have to Resemble My Ancestors through Modification of Midline Diastema”: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Dental Modification among Karrayyu Oromo, Central Ethiopia." Ethnoarchaeology 8.1 (2016): 57-68.
- ↑ Lugira, Aloysius M., African Traditional Religions (New York: Chelsea House, 2009), p. 36 [in] Varghese, Roy Abraham, Christ Connection: How the World Religions Prepared the Way for the Phenomenon of Jesus, Paraclete Press (2011), p. 1935, ISBN 9781557258397 [1] (Retrieved 7 May 2019)
- ↑ Mbiti, John S (1992). Introduction to African religion. East African Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 9780435940027.
often mix.
When Africans are converted to other religions, they often mix their traditional religion with the one to which they are converted. In this way they are not losing something valuable, but are gaining something from both religious customs - ↑ Riggs, Thomas (2006). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations. Thomson Gale. p. 1. ISBN 9780787666125.Although a large proportion of Africans have converted to Islam an Christianity, these two world religions have been assimilated into African culture, and many African Christians and Muslims maintain traditional spiritual beliefs
- ↑ Gottlieb, Roger S (2006-11-09). The Oxford handbook of religion and ecology. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195178722.Even in the adopted religions of Islam and Christianity, which on the surface appear to have converted millions of Africans from their traditional religions, many aspect of traditional religions are still manifest
- ↑ US study sheds light on Africa's unique religious mix. AFP.t doesn't seem to be an either-or for many people. They can describe themselves primarily as Muslim or Christian and continue to practice many of the traditions that are characteristic of African traditional religion," Luis Lugo, executive director of the Pew Forum, told AFP.
- ↑ Quainoo, Samuel Ebow (2000-01-01). In Transitions and consolidation of democracy in Africa. Global Academic. ISBN 9781586840402.Even though the two religions are monotheistic, most African Christians and Muslims convert to them and still retain some aspects of their traditional religions
- ↑ 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics.
- ↑ 2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report. Malawi National Statistical Office.
- ↑ 2021 PHC General Report Vol 3C, Background Characteristics.
- ↑ OVERALL DEFINITIVE RESULTS OF THE RGPH 2021: THE POPULATION USUALLY LIVING ON IVORIAN TERRITORY IS 29,389,150 INHABITANTS (fr) (July 13, 2022).
Ani tooi lan Karim
mali niŋ- Bongmba, Elias Kifon, ed. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to African Religions (2012) excerpt
- Engel, Elisabeth. Encountering Empire: African American Missionaries in Colonial Africa, 1900–1939 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2015). 303 pp.
- Mbiti, John S. Introduction to African religion (2nd ed. 1991) excerpt
- Olupona, Jacob K. African Religions: A Very Short Introduction (2014) excerpt
- Parrinder, Geoffrey. African Traditional Religion. (3rd ed. London: Sheldon Press, 1974) ISBN 0-85969-014-8
- Parinder, E. Geoffrey. Africa's Three Religions. (2nd ed. London: Sheldon Press, 1976). The three religions are traditional religions (grouped), Christianity, and Islam. ISBN 0-85969-096-2
- Ray, Benjamin C. African Religions: Symbol, Ritual, and Community (2nd ed. 1999)
External links
mali niŋ- African Beliefs
- "African Traditional Religion" in "The Story of Africa" from the BBC World Service
- Text of Atoms and Ancestors, considered a classic study
- Stanford Page
- African Religions at Africa Missions Resource Center
- Tutelary deities of the Akan people of West Africa Archived 2016-05-05 at the Wayback Machine