Tɛmplet:List of chemical elements
Element | Origin of name[1][2] | Group | Period | Block | Standard atomic weight Ar°(E)[lower-alpha 1] |
Density[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] | Melting point[lower-alpha 4] | Boiling point[lower-alpha 5] | Specific heat capacity[lower-alpha 6] |
Electronegativity[lower-alpha 7] | Abundance in Earth's crust[lower-alpha 8] |
Origin[lower-alpha 9] | Phase at r.t.[lower-alpha 10] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atomic number Z |
Symbol | Name | (Da) | (g/cm3) | (K) | (K) | (J/g · K) | (mg/kg) | |||||||
1 | H | H: Hydrogen | Greek elements hydro- and -gen, 'water-forming' | 1 | 1 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1001" |#ff9999 | 1.0080H: | 0.00008988 | 14.01 | 20.28 | 14.304 | 2.20 | 1400 | H: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
2 | He | He: Helium | Greek hḗlios, 'sun' | 18 | 1 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1002" |#ff9999 | 4.0026He: | 0.0001785 | –[lower-alpha 11] | 4.22 | 5.193 | – | 0.008 | He: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
3 | Li | Li: Lithium | Greek líthos, 'stone' | 1 | 2 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1003" |#ff9999 | 6.94Li: | 0.534 | 453.69 | 1560 | 3.582 | 0.98 | 20 | Li: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
4 | Be | Be: Beryllium | Beryl, a mineral (ultimately from the name of Belur in southern India)[3] | 2 | 2 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1004" |#ff9999 | 9.0122Be: | 1.85 | 1560 | 2742 | 1.825 | 1.57 | 2.8 | Be: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
5 | B | B: Boron | Borax, a mineral (from Arabic bawraq, Middle Persian *bōrag) | 13 | 2 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2005" |#fdff8c | 10.81B: | 2.34 | 2349 | 4200 | 1.026 | 2.04 | 10 | B: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
6 | C | C: Carbon | Latin carbo, 'coal' | 14 | 2 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2006" |#fdff8c | 12.011C: | 2.267 | >4000 | 4300 | 0.709 | 2.55 | 200 | C: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
7 | N | N: Nitrogen | Greek nítron and -gen, 'niter-forming' | 15 | 2 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2007" |#fdff8c | 14.007N: | 0.0012506 | 63.15 | 77.36 | 1.04 | 3.04 | 19 | N: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
8 | O | O: Oxygen | Greek oxy- and -gen, 'acid-forming' | 16 | 2 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2008" |#fdff8c | 15.999O: | 0.001429 | 54.36 | 90.20 | 0.918 | 3.44 | 461000 | O: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
9 | F | F: Fluorine | Latin fluere, 'to flow' | 17 | 2 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2009" |#fdff8c | 18.998F: | 0.001696 | 53.53 | 85.03 | 0.824 | 3.98 | 585 | F: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
10 | Ne | Ne: Neon | Greek néon, 'new' | 18 | 2 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2010" |#fdff8c | 20.180Ne: | 0.0009002 | 24.56 | 27.07 | 1.03 | – | 0.005 | Ne: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
11 | Na | Na: Sodium | English (from medieval Latin) soda · Symbol Na is derived from Neo-Latin natrium, coined from German Natron, 'natron' |
1 | 3 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1011" |#ff9999 | 22.990Na: | 0.968 | 370.87 | 1156 | 1.228 | 0.93 | 23600 | Na: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
12 | Mg | Mg: Magnesium | Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece | 2 | 3 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1012" |#ff9999 | 24.305Mg: | 1.738 | 923 | 1363 | 1.023 | 1.31 | 23300 | Mg: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
13 | Al | Al: Aluminium | Alumina, from Latin alumen (gen. aluminis), 'bitter salt, alum' | 13 | 3 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2013" |#fdff8c | 26.982Al: | 2.70 | 933.47 | 2792 | 0.897 | 1.61 | 82300 | Al: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
14 | Si | Si: Silicon | Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium) | 14 | 3 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2014" |#fdff8c | 28.085Si: | 2.3290 | 1687 | 3538 | 0.705 | 1.9 | 282000 | Si: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
15 | P | P: Phosphorus | Greek phōsphóros, 'light-bearing' | 15 | 3 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2015" |#fdff8c | 30.974P: | 1.823 | 317.30 | 550 | 0.769 | 2.19 | 1050 | P: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
16 | S | S: Sulfur | Latin sulphur, 'brimstone' | 16 | 3 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2016" |#fdff8c | 32.06S: | 2.07 | 388.36 | 717.87 | 0.71 | 2.58 | 350 | S: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
17 | Cl | Cl: Chlorine | Greek chlōrós, 'greenish yellow' | 17 | 3 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2017" |#fdff8c | 35.45Cl: | 0.0032 | 171.6 | 239.11 | 0.479 | 3.16 | 145 | Cl: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
18 | Ar | Ar: Argon | Greek argós, 'idle' (because of its inertness) | 18 | 3 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2018" |#fdff8c | 39.95Ar: | 0.001784 | 83.80 | 87.30 | 0.52 | – | 3.5 | Ar: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
19 | K | K: Potassium | Neo-Latin potassa, 'potash', itself from pot and ash · Symbol K is derived from Latin kalium |
1 | 4 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1019" |#ff9999 | 39.098K: | 0.89 | 336.53 | 1032 | 0.757 | 0.82 | 20900 | K: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
20 | Ca | Ca: Calcium | Latin calx, 'lime' | 2 | 4 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1020" |#ff9999 | 40.078Ca: | 1.55 | 1115 | 1757 | 0.647 | 1.00 | 41500 | Ca: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
21 | Sc | Sc: Scandium | Latin Scandia, 'Scandinavia' | 3 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3021" |#99ccff | 44.956Sc: | 2.985 | 1814 | 3109 | 0.568 | 1.36 | 22 | Sc: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
22 | Ti | Ti: Titanium | Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology | 4 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3022" |#99ccff | 47.867Ti: | 4.506 | 1941 | 3560 | 0.523 | 1.54 | 5650 | Ti: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
23 | V | V: Vanadium | Vanadis, an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja | 5 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3023" |#99ccff | 50.942V: | 6.11 | 2183 | 3680 | 0.489 | 1.63 | 120 | V: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
24 | Cr | Cr: Chromium | Greek chróma, 'colour' | 6 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3024" |#99ccff | 51.996Cr: | 7.15 | 2180 | 2944 | 0.449 | 1.66 | 102 | Cr: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
25 | Mn | Mn: Manganese | Corrupted from magnesia negra; see § magnesium | 7 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3025" |#99ccff | 54.938Mn: | 7.21 | 1519 | 2334 | 0.479 | 1.55 | 950 | Mn: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
26 | Fe | Fe: Iron | English word, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom ('iron'), from a root meaning 'blood' · Symbol Fe is derived from Latin ferrum |
8 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3026" |#99ccff | 55.845Fe: | 7.874 | 1811 | 3134 | 0.449 | 1.83 | 56300 | Fe: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
27 | Co | Co: Cobalt | German Kobold, 'goblin' | 9 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3027" |#99ccff | 58.933Co: | 8.90 | 1768 | 3200 | 0.421 | 1.88 | 25 | Co: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
28 | Ni | Ni: Nickel | Nickel, a mischievous sprite of German miner mythology | 10 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3028" |#99ccff | 58.693Ni: | 8.908 | 1728 | 3186 | 0.444 | 1.91 | 84 | Ni: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
29 | Cu | Cu: Copper | English word, from Latin cuprum, from Ancient Greek Kýpros 'Cyprus' | 11 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3029" |#99ccff | 63.546Cu: | 8.96 | 1357.77 | 2835 | 0.385 | 1.90 | 60 | Cu: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
30 | Zn | Zn: Zinc | Most likely from German Zinke, 'prong' or 'tooth', though some suggest Persian sang, 'stone' | 12 | 4 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3030" |#99ccff | 65.38Zn: | 7.14 | 692.88 | 1180 | 0.388 | 1.65 | 70 | Zn: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
31 | Ga | Ga: Gallium | Latin Gallia, 'France' | 13 | 4 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2031" |#fdff8c | 69.723Ga: | 5.91 | 302.9146 | 2673 | 0.371 | 1.81 | 19 | Ga: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
32 | Ge | Ge: Germanium | Latin Germania, 'Germany' | 14 | 4 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2032" |#fdff8c | 72.630Ge: | 5.323 | 1211.40 | 3106 | 0.32 | 2.01 | 1.5 | Ge: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
33 | As | As: Arsenic | French arsenic, from Greek arsenikón 'yellow arsenic' (influenced by arsenikós, 'masculine' or 'virile'), from a West Asian wanderword ultimately from Old Iranian *zarniya-ka, 'golden' | 15 | 4 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2033" |#fdff8c | 74.922As: | 5.727 | 1090[lower-alpha 12] | 887 | 0.329 | 2.18 | 1.8 | As: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
34 | Se | Se: Selenium | Greek selḗnē, 'moon' | 16 | 4 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2034" |#fdff8c | 78.971Se: | 4.81 | 453 | 958 | 0.321 | 2.55 | 0.05 | Se: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
35 | Br | Br: Bromine | Greek brômos, 'stench' | 17 | 4 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2035" |#fdff8c | 79.904Br: | 3.1028 | 265.8 | 332.0 | 0.474 | 2.96 | 2.4 | Br: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Liquid |
36 | Kr | Kr: Krypton | Greek kryptós, 'hidden' | 18 | 4 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2036" |#fdff8c | 83.798Kr: | 0.003749 | 115.79 | 119.93 | 0.248 | 3.00 | 1×10−4 | Kr: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
37 | Rb | Rb: Rubidium | Latin rubidus, 'deep red' | 1 | 5 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1037" |#ff9999 | 85.468Rb: | 1.532 | 312.46 | 961 | 0.363 | 0.82 | 90 | Rb: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
38 | Sr | Sr: Strontium | Strontian, a village in Scotland, where it was found | 2 | 5 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1038" |#ff9999 | 87.62Sr: | 2.64 | 1050 | 1655 | 0.301 | 0.95 | 370 | Sr: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
39 | Y | Y: Yttrium | Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see also terbium, erbium, ytterbium | 3 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3039" |#99ccff | 88.906Y: | 4.472 | 1799 | 3609 | 0.298 | 1.22 | 33 | Y: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
40 | Zr | Zr: Zirconium | Zircon, a mineral, from Persian zargun, 'gold-hued' | 4 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3040" |#99ccff | 91.224Zr: | 6.52 | 2128 | 4682 | 0.278 | 1.33 | 165 | Zr: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
41 | Nb | Nb: Niobium | Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology; see also tantalum | 5 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3041" |#99ccff | 92.906Nb: | 8.57 | 2750 | 5017 | 0.265 | 1.6 | 20 | Nb: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
42 | Mo | Mo: Molybdenum | Greek molýbdaina, 'piece of lead', from mólybdos, 'lead', due to confusion with lead ore galena (PbS) | 6 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3042" |#99ccff | 95.95Mo: | 10.28 | 2896 | 4912 | 0.251 | 2.16 | 1.2 | Mo: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
43 | Tc | Tc: Technetium | Greek tekhnētós, 'artificial' | 7 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3043" |#99ccff | Tc: [97][lower-alpha 1] | 11 | 2430 | 4538 | – | 1.9 | ~ 3×10−9 | Tc: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Solid |
44 | Ru | Ru: Ruthenium | Neo-Latin Ruthenia, 'Russia' | 8 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3044" |#99ccff | 101.07Ru: | 12.45 | 2607 | 4423 | 0.238 | 2.2 | 0.001 | Ru: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
45 | Rh | Rh: Rhodium | Greek rhodóeis, 'rose-coloured', from rhódon, 'rose' | 9 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3045" |#99ccff | 102.91Rh: | 12.41 | 2237 | 3968 | 0.243 | 2.28 | 0.001 | Rh: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
46 | Pd | Pd: Palladium | Pallas, an asteroid, considered a planet at the time | 10 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3046" |#99ccff | 106.42Pd: | 12.023 | 1828.05 | 3236 | 0.244 | 2.20 | 0.015 | Pd: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
47 | Ag | Ag: Silver | English word · Symbol Ag is derived from Latin argentum |
11 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3047" |#99ccff | 107.87Ag: | 10.49 | 1234.93 | 2435 | 0.235 | 1.93 | 0.075 | Ag: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
48 | Cd | Cd: Cadmium | Neo-Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos | 12 | 5 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3048" |#99ccff | 112.41Cd: | 8.65 | 594.22 | 1040 | 0.232 | 1.69 | 0.159 | Cd: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
49 | In | In: Indium | Latin indicum, 'indigo', the blue colour found in its spectrum | 13 | 5 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2049" |#fdff8c | 114.82In: | 7.31 | 429.75 | 2345 | 0.233 | 1.78 | 0.25 | In: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
50 | Sn | Sn: Tin | English word · Symbol Sn is derived from Latin stannum |
14 | 5 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2050" |#fdff8c | 118.71Sn: | 7.265 | 505.08 | 2875 | 0.228 | 1.96 | 2.3 | Sn: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
51 | Sb | Sb: Antimony | Latin antimonium, the origin of which is uncertain: folk etymologies suggest it is derived from Greek antí ('against') + mónos ('alone'), or Old French anti-moine, 'Monk's bane', but it could plausibly be from or related to Arabic ʾiṯmid, 'antimony', reformatted as a Latin word · Symbol Sb is derived from Latin stibium 'stibnite' |
15 | 5 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2051" |#fdff8c | 121.76Sb: | 6.697 | 903.78 | 1860 | 0.207 | 2.05 | 0.2 | Sb: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
52 | Te | Te: Tellurium | Latin tellus, 'the ground, earth' | 16 | 5 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2052" |#fdff8c | 127.60Te: | 6.24 | 722.66 | 1261 | 0.202 | 2.1 | 0.001 | Te: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
53 | I | I: Iodine | French iode, from Greek ioeidḗs, 'violet' | 17 | 5 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2053" |#fdff8c | 126.90I: | 4.933 | 386.85 | 457.4 | 0.214 | 2.66 | 0.45 | I: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
54 | Xe | Xe: Xenon | Greek xénon, neuter form of xénos 'strange' | 18 | 5 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2054" |#fdff8c | 131.29Xe: | 0.005894 | 161.4 | 165.03 | 0.158 | 2.60 | 3×10−5 | Xe: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Gas |
55 | Cs | Cs: Caesium | Latin caesius, 'sky-blue' | 1 | 6 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1055" |#ff9999 | 132.91Cs: | 1.93 | 301.59 | 944 | 0.242 | 0.79 | 3 | Cs: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
56 | Ba | Ba: Barium | Greek barýs, 'heavy' | 2 | 6 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1056" |#ff9999 | 137.33Ba: | 3.51 | 1000 | 2170 | 0.204 | 0.89 | 425 | Ba: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
57 | La | La: Lanthanum | Greek lanthánein, 'to lie hidden' | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4057" |#9bff99 | 138.91La: | 6.162 | 1193 | 3737 | 0.195 | 1.1 | 39 | La: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
58 | Ce | Ce: Cerium | Ceres, a dwarf planet, considered a planet at the time | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4058" |#9bff99 | 140.12Ce: | 6.770 | 1068 | 3716 | 0.192 | 1.12 | 66.5 | Ce: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
59 | Pr | Pr: Praseodymium | Greek prásios dídymos, 'green twin' | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4059" |#9bff99 | 140.91Pr: | 6.77 | 1208 | 3793 | 0.193 | 1.13 | 9.2 | Pr: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
60 | Nd | Nd: Neodymium | Greek néos dídymos, 'new twin' | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4060" |#9bff99 | 144.24Nd: | 7.01 | 1297 | 3347 | 0.19 | 1.14 | 41.5 | Nd: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
61 | Pm | Pm: Promethium | Prometheus, a figure in Greek mythology | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4061" |#9bff99 | Pm: [145] | 7.26 | 1315 | 3273 | – | 1.13 | 2×10−19 | Pm: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Solid |
62 | Sm | Sm: Samarium | Samarskite, a mineral named after V. Samarsky-Bykhovets, Russian mine official | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4062" |#9bff99 | 150.36Sm: | 7.52 | 1345 | 2067 | 0.197 | 1.17 | 7.05 | Sm: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
63 | Eu | Eu: Europium | Europe | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4063" |#9bff99 | 151.96Eu: | 5.244 | 1099 | 1802 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 2 | Eu: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
64 | Gd | Gd: Gadolinium | Gadolinite, a mineral named after Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4064" |#9bff99 | 157.25Gd: | 7.90 | 1585 | 3546 | 0.236 | 1.2 | 6.2 | Gd: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
65 | Tb | Tb: Terbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see also yttrium, erbium, ytterbium | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4065" |#9bff99 | 158.93Tb: | 8.23 | 1629 | 3503 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 1.2 | Tb: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
66 | Dy | Dy: Dysprosium | Greek dysprósitos, 'hard to get' | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4066" |#9bff99 | 162.50Dy: | 8.540 | 1680 | 2840 | 0.17 | 1.22 | 5.2 | Dy: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
67 | Ho | Ho: Holmium | Neo-Latin Holmia, 'Stockholm' | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4067" |#9bff99 | 164.93Ho: | 8.79 | 1734 | 2993 | 0.165 | 1.23 | 1.3 | Ho: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
68 | Er | Er: Erbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see also yttrium, terbium, ytterbium | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4068" |#9bff99 | 167.26Er: | 9.066 | 1802 | 3141 | 0.168 | 1.24 | 3.5 | Er: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
69 | Tm | Tm: Thulium | Thule, the ancient name for an unclear northern location | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4069" |#9bff99 | 168.93Tm: | 9.32 | 1818 | 2223 | 0.16 | 1.25 | 0.52 | Tm: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
70 | Yb | Yb: Ytterbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see also yttrium, terbium, erbium | f-block groups | 6 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4070" |#9bff99 | 173.05Yb: | 6.90 | 1097 | 1469 | 0.155 | 1.1 | 3.2 | Yb: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
71 | Lu | Lu: Lutetium | Latin Lutetia, 'Paris' | 3 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3071" |#99ccff | 174.97Lu: | 9.841 | 1925 | 3675 | 0.154 | 1.27 | 0.8 | Lu: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
72 | Hf | Hf: Hafnium | Neo-Latin Hafnia, 'Copenhagen' (from Danish havn, harbour) | 4 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3072" |#99ccff | 178.49Hf: | 13.31 | 2506 | 4876 | 0.144 | 1.3 | 3 | Hf: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
73 | Ta | Ta: Tantalum | King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology; see also niobium | 5 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3073" |#99ccff | 180.95Ta: | 16.69 | 3290 | 5731 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 2 | Ta: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
74 | W | W: Tungsten | Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' · Symbol W is from Wolfram, originally from Middle High German wolf-rahm 'wolf's foam' describing the mineral wolframite[4] |
6 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3074" |#99ccff | 183.84W: | 19.25 | 3695 | 5828 | 0.132 | 2.36 | 1.3 | W: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
75 | Re | Re: Rhenium | Latin Rhenus, 'the Rhine' | 7 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3075" |#99ccff | 186.21Re: | 21.02 | 3459 | 5869 | 0.137 | 1.9 | 7×10−4 | Re: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
76 | Os | Os: Osmium | Greek osmḗ, 'smell' | 8 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3076" |#99ccff | 190.23Os: | 22.59 | 3306 | 5285 | 0.13 | 2.2 | 0.002 | Os: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
77 | Ir | Ir: Iridium | Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow | 9 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3077" |#99ccff | 192.22Ir: | 22.56 | 2719 | 4701 | 0.131 | 2.20 | 0.001 | Ir: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
78 | Pt | Pt: Platinum | Spanish platina, 'little silver', from plata 'silver' | 10 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3078" |#99ccff | 195.08Pt: | 21.45 | 2041.4 | 4098 | 0.133 | 2.28 | 0.005 | Pt: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
79 | Au | Au: Gold | English word, from the same root as 'yellow' · Symbol Au is derived from Latin aurum |
11 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3079" |#99ccff | 196.97Au: | 19.3 | 1337.33 | 3129 | 0.129 | 2.54 | 0.004 | Au: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
80 | Hg | Hg: Mercury (element) | Mercury, Roman god of commerce, communication, and luck, known for his speed and mobility · Symbol Hg is derived from its Latin name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydrárgyros, 'water-silver' |
12 | 6 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3080" |#99ccff | 200.59Hg: | 13.534 | 234.43 | 629.88 | 0.14 | 2.00 | 0.085 | Hg: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Liquid |
81 | Tl | Tl: Thallium | Greek thallós, 'green shoot or twig' | 13 | 6 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2081" |#fdff8c | 204.38Tl: | 11.85 | 577 | 1746 | 0.129 | 1.62 | 0.85 | Tl: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
82 | Pb | Pb: Lead | English word, from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from a root meaning 'flow' · Symbol Pb is derived from Latin plumbum |
14 | 6 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2082" |#fdff8c | 207.2Pb: | 11.34 | 600.61 | 2022 | 0.129 | 1.87 (2+) 2.33 (4+) |
14 | Pb: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
83 | Bi | Bi: Bismuth | German Wismut, from weiß Masse 'white mass', unless from Arabic | 15 | 6 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2083" |#fdff8c | 208.98Bi: | 9.78 | 544.7 | 1837 | 0.122 | 2.02 | 0.009 | Bi: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
84 | Po | Po: Polonium | Latin Polonia, 'Poland', home country of Marie Curie | 16 | 6 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2084" |#fdff8c | Po: [209][lower-alpha 1] | 9.196 | 527 | 1235 | – | 2.0 | 2×10−10 | Po: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Solid |
85 | At | At: Astatine | Greek ástatos, 'unstable' | 17 | 6 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2085" |#fdff8c | At: [210] | (8.91–8.95) | 575 | 610 | – | 2.2 | 3×10−20 | At: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Unknown phase |
86 | Rn | Rn: Radon | Radium emanation, originally the name of the isotope Radon-222 | 18 | 6 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2086" |#fdff8c | Rn: [222] | 0.00973 | 202 | 211.3 | 0.094 | 2.2 | 4×10−13 | Rn: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Gas |
87 | Fr | Fr: Francium | France, home country of discoverer Marguerite Perey | 1 | 7 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1087" |#ff9999 | Fr: [223] | (2.48) | 281 | 890 | – | >0.79[5] | ~ 1×10−18 | Fr: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Unknown phase |
88 | Ra | Ra: Radium | French radium, from Latin radius, 'ray' | 2 | 7 | #ff9999" data-sort-value="1088" |#ff9999 | Ra: [226] | 5.5 | 973 | 2010 | 0.094 | 0.9 | 9×10−7 | Ra: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Solid |
89 | Ac | Ac: Actinium | Greek aktís, 'ray' | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4089" |#9bff99 | Ac: [227] | 10 | 1323 | 3471 | 0.12 | 1.1 | 5.5×10−10 | Ac: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Solid |
90 | Th | Th: Thorium | Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4090" |#9bff99 | 232.04Th: | 11.7 | 2115 | 5061 | 0.113 | 1.3 | 9.6 | Th: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
91 | Pa | Pa: Protactinium | Proto- (from Greek prôtos, 'first, before') + actinium, since actinium is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4091" |#9bff99 | 231.04Pa: | 15.37 | 1841 | 4300 | – | 1.5 | 1.4×10−6 | Pa: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Solid |
92 | U | U: Uranium | Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4092" |#9bff99 | 238.03U: | 19.1 | 1405.3 | 4404 | 0.116 | 1.38 | 2.7 | U: Primordial-wlfirst>Primordial | Solid |
93 | Np | Np: Neptunium | Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4093" |#9bff99 | Np: [237] | 20.45 | 917 | 4273 | – | 1.36 | ≤ 3×10−12 | Np: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Solid |
94 | Pu | Pu: Plutonium | Pluto, a dwarf planet, considered a planet in the Solar System at the time | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4094" |#9bff99 | Pu: [244] | 19.85 | 912.5 | 3501 | – | 1.28 | ≤ 3×10−11 | Pu: From decay-wlfirst>From decay | Solid |
95 | Am | Am: Americium | The Americas, where the element was first synthesised, by analogy with its homologue § europium | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4095" |#9bff99 | Am: [243] | 12 | 1449 | 2880 | – | 1.13 | – | Am: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Solid |
96 | Cm | Cm: Curium | Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, French physicists and chemists | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4096" |#9bff99 | Cm: [247] | 13.51 | 1613 | 3383 | – | 1.28 | – | Cm: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Solid |
97 | Bk | Bk: Berkelium | Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesised | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4097" |#9bff99 | Bk: [247] | 14.78 | 1259 | 2900 | – | 1.3 | – | Bk: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Solid |
98 | Cf | Cf: Californium | California, where the element was first synthesised in the LBNL laboratory | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4098" |#9bff99 | Cf: [251] | 15.1 | 1173 | (1743)[lower-alpha 2] | – | 1.3 | – | Cf: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Solid |
99 | Es | Es: Einsteinium | Albert Einstein, German physicist | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4099" |#9bff99 | Es: [252] | 8.84 | 1133 | (1269) | – | 1.3 | – | Es: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Solid |
100 | Fm | Fm: Fermium | Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4100" |#9bff99 | Fm: [257] | (9.7)[lower-alpha 2] | (1125)[6] (1800)[7] |
– | – | 1.3 | – | Fm: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
101 | Md | Md: Mendelevium | Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist who proposed the periodic table | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4101" |#9bff99 | Md: [258] | (10.3) | (1100) | – | – | 1.3 | – | Md: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
102 | No | No: Nobelium | Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer | f-block groups | 7 | #9bff99" data-sort-value="4102" |#9bff99 | No: [259] | (9.9) | (1100) | – | – | 1.3 | – | No: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
103 | Lr | Lr: Lawrencium | Ernest Lawrence, American physicist | 3 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3103" |#99ccff | Lr: [266] | (14.4) | (1900) | – | – | 1.3 | – | Lr: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
104 | Rf | Rf: Rutherfordium | Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist from New Zealand | 4 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3104" |#99ccff | Rf: [267] | (17) | (2400) | (5800) | – | – | – | Rf: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
105 | Db | Db: Dubnium | Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in the JINR laboratory | 5 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3105" |#99ccff | Db: [268] | (21.6) | – | – | – | – | – | Db: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
106 | Sg | Sg: Seaborgium | Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist | 6 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3106" |#99ccff | Sg: [269] | (23–24) | – | – | – | – | – | Sg: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
107 | Bh | Bh: Bohrium | Niels Bohr, Danish physicist | 7 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3107" |#99ccff | Bh: [270] | (26–27) | – | – | – | – | – | Bh: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
108 | Hs | Hs: Hassium | Neo-Latin Hassia, 'Hesse', a state in Germany | 8 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3108" |#99ccff | Hs: [269] | (27–29) | – | – | – | – | – | Hs: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
109 | Mt | Mt: Meitnerium | Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist | 9 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3109" |#99ccff | Mt: [278] | (27–28) | – | – | – | – | – | Mt: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
110 | Ds | Ds: Darmstadtium | Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesised in the GSI laboratories | 10 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3110" |#99ccff | Ds: [281] | (26–27) | – | – | – | – | – | Ds: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
111 | Rg | Rg: Roentgenium | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, German physicist | 11 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3111" |#99ccff | Rg: [282] | (22–24) | – | – | – | – | – | Rg: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
112 | Cn | Cn: Copernicium | Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer | 12 | 7 | #99ccff" data-sort-value="3112" |#99ccff | Cn: [285] | (14.0) | (283±11) | (340±10)[lower-alpha 2] | – | – | – | Cn: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
113 | Nh | Nh: Nihonium | Japanese Nihon, 'Japan', where the element was first synthesised in the Riken laboratories | 13 | 7 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2113" |#fdff8c | Nh: [286] | (16) | (700) | (1400) | – | – | – | Nh: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
114 | Fl | Fl: Flerovium | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, part of JINR, where the element was synthesised; itself named after Georgy Flyorov, Russian physicist | 14 | 7 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2114" |#fdff8c | Fl: [289] | (11.4±0.3) | (284±50)[lower-alpha 2] | – | – | – | – | Fl: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
115 | Mc | Mc: Moscovium | Moscow, Russia, where the element was first synthesised in the JINR laboratories | 15 | 7 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2115" |#fdff8c | Mc: [290] | (13.5) | (700) | (1400) | – | – | – | Mc: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
116 | Lv | Lv: Livermorium | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California | 16 | 7 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2116" |#fdff8c | Lv: [293] | (12.9) | (700) | (1100) | – | – | – | Lv: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
117 | Ts | Ts: Tennessine | Tennessee, United States, where Oak Ridge National Laboratory is located | 17 | 7 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2117" |#fdff8c | Ts: [294] | (7.1–7.3) | (700) | (883) | – | – | – | Ts: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
118 | Og | Og: Oganesson | Yuri Oganessian, Russian physicist | 18 | 7 | #fdff8c" data-sort-value="2118" |#fdff8c | Og: [294] | (7) | (325±15) | (450±10) | – | – | – | Og: Synthetic-wlfirst>Synthetic | Unknown phase |
- ↑ Periodic Table – Royal Society of Chemistry (en).
- ↑ Online Etymology Dictionary (en).
- ↑ "beryl". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
- ↑ van der Krogt, Peter. Wolframium Wolfram Tungsten. Elementymology & Elements Multidict.
- ↑ Originally assessed as 0.7 by Pauling but never revised after other elements' electronegativities were updated for precision. Predicted to be higher than that of caesium.
- ↑ "The Thermodynamic Properties of the 𝑓-Elements and Their Compounds. I. The Lanthanide and Actinide Metals". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. DOI:10.1063/1.3474238.
- ↑ Fermium.
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