Dagbani Wikipedia

Shinshimi

C-Class

Shinshimi
infectious disease, class of disease
Yaɣ shelinabikɔɣu, foot diseases, skin disease, Dɔriti Mali niŋ
Health specialtyinfectious diseases Mali niŋ
Anatomical locationzone of skin Mali niŋ
ICD-9-CM110.4 Mali niŋ
ICPC 2 IDS74 Mali niŋ


Shinshimi (athlete's foot)[1], Niriba pam ni lahi mi shɛli silimiinsili ni tinea pedis, nyɛla din nyɛ ningbuna zuɣu doro din yoli ka din tahiri li na nyɛla fungus.[2] Lala doro ŋɔ ŋmahingbana n-tooi nyɛ koribu, scaling, tahibu ni moosim.[3] Di tooi zoomi ka di yi yɛn niŋ nira, a yɛn nyami ka ningbuna ŋɔ mooi.[4] Shinshimi nyɛla din ni tooi gbaai gbali luɣilikam, amaa di tooi zooi la napɔnbihi ŋɔ yaɣasa ni.[3] Di ni tooi lahi gbaari shɛli n-nyɛ gbali lɔŋni.[4] Lala doro ŋɔ ni tooi lahi gbaai nuhi bee nyinyari .[5] Di bela doro pubu din nye tinea.[6] Din tahiri shinshimi ŋɔ na nyɛla fungus bɔbigu,[3] including species of Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum.[5] Di gbaabu nyɛla a yi niŋ ningbuna ni di ni pun mali so bee fungus din be yi ʒinɛli ni.[3] Fungusi ni tooi be shɛli nyɛla kom duɣibu shɛhi ni duri puuni.[7] Bɛ ni tooi lahi yina binkɔbi' shɛba puuni.[8] Di tooi zooya, zahimbu tooi doli la di ŋmahingbana; amaa, di benibu dihitabili ni tooi yina tibiri sabilim ni bee hyphae nyabu di yi niŋ ka a zaŋ microscope yuli.[5]

Shinshimi ŋɔ kuli bi zami ti ban guuri ko: di ni tooi lahi gbaagi a di yi niŋ ka a zooi naponzaŋa chandi, che ka a napon nyinyari zoori yaɣara, piriti namdanima din muɣiri, bee m-bi taɣari a sokishin biɛɣu kulo kam.[5][8] Di ni tibi ni antifungal medication ka mani clotrimazole bee, ni sahakam gbaabu, ka zaŋdi antifungal tima ka mani terbinafine.[2][5] Topical kpama n-nyɛ bɛ ni kpaŋsi ni a zaŋ ʒiɛrili dakulo diba-anahi.[5] N-che ka napona ŋɔ kuui ka a piriti namda nyɛla din gba ni tooi sɔŋsi ti tibbu polo dama lala doro maa bɔri kom bee mahili yi paari li.[3]

Shinshimi nyɛla tuuli bɛ ni daa buɣisi shɛli 1908.[9] Andunia zaa, shinshimi nyɛla din gbaari salo kalinli ka mani vaabu pia ni ani kobigi puuni.[2] Dabba n-nyɛ di ni tooi gbahiri shɛba n-gari paɣaba.[5] Di lahi niŋ bayana pam zaŋ chaŋ bihi ban saai na biɛla n-gari zaɣ' kura ni.[5] Taarihi puuni di wuhiya ni dina n-daa nyɛ dɔri shɛli ŋan yoli sɛnchiri pishi ni ka di nyɛla namda muna piribu ni daa kuli niŋ bayana, alaafee bɔbu, tɔbu, ni gɔrim gɔbu ni zaa.[10]


Ŋmahingbana

mali niŋ
 
Athlete's foot

Athlete gbali nyɛla bɛ ni puri shɛli bunahi zuɣu:chronic interdigital, plantar (chronic scaly; aka "moccasin foot"), acute ulcerative, ni vesiculobullous. "Interdigital" gbunni nyɛla napɔmbihi yaɣasa ni . "Plantar" gbunni nyɛla gbali puuni. Ka ulcerative ŋɔ gbaai nangbankpansi hali ni di puuni.[11] ''Maceration'' mi nyɛla gbali ŋɔ baligibu ni tahibu zaŋ yi di yin doni polo ti yaɣi. vesiculobullous disease nyɛla mucocutaneous disease bali shɛli din ŋmahingbana nyɛ vesicles ni bullae (blisters). Vesicles mini bullae zaa nyɛla kom lesion, ka ka di yi di ku zaŋ chaŋ di barilim polo (vesicles ŋɔ pɔri gari 5 mm ka bulla ŋɔ mi bari gari 5 mm, di yi doli bɛ ni buɣisi li shɛm).[12]

Shinshimi ŋɔ tooi niŋdila napɔmbihi yaɣasa ni, ka be napɔmbili din pahiri anahi mini anu sunsuuni.[13][14][15] Interdigital shinshimi din tahibu na nyɛ Trichophyton rubrum ni tooi ka nahingabana, din tooi nyɛ saɣasibu, bee kpaŋ din be napɔŋ yaɣasa ŋɔ ni ni tooi yina red bee ulcerative (scaly, flaky, ka di kpaŋ ŋɔ biɛhigu bala ka nyɛ zaɣ' piɛli di yi niŋ ka ningbuna ŋɔ maha),[6][16] ni zaɣasibu bee ka zaɣasibu ka ni. Acute ulcerative variant of interdigital shinshimi din tahibu na nya T. mentagrophytes nyɛla din ŋmahingbana nye biɛrim, ningbuŋgbaŋ zaɣasibu, ningbungbaŋ nyɛhibu, crusting, ni nyom zaŋ yi binneembihi ban tahi dɔro ŋɔ na.[17]

Plantar shinshimi gba nyɛla binshɛli din tahiri T. rubrum din tahiri asymptomatic, erythematous plaques (ningbungbaŋ moosim) ka di laɣinda plantar ŋɔ zuɣu, gbali ŋɔ puuni din tooi pɔbiri viɛnyɛla, poora hyperkeratotic scales.[2][17]

Vesiculobullous shinshimi nyɛla din dii bi yoli ka din tooi tahirili na n-nyɛ T. mentagrophytes ka di ŋmahingbaŋ nyɛ zaɣasibu yim ni vesicles din be erythematous base,[6] ka tooi yirina gbali ŋɔ puuni. Lala shinshimi balli ŋɔ nyɛla tahibu na tooi doli binneembihi yirina Streptococcus pyogenes bee Staphylococcus aureus.[17]

Di biɛhisi

mali niŋ

Di yi niŋ ka dɔro ŋɔ chana, ningbuna ŋɔ ni tooi tahi, ka di tahi binneembihi kpɛbu[17] ni yuma yoobu.[11] Di yi che li ni di zooi, shinshimi ŋɔ funguusi ni tooi yɛligi kpe napɔmbihi nyinyari ni,[18] ka bɛ diri keratin din be di puuni, bɛ ni buɣisi shɛli onychomycosis.[19]

Di ni niŋ ka shinshimi ŋɔ ni tooi zaɣasiri maa zuɣu, di ni tooi lahi tahi kɔribu na, ka di che ka di ni mali so ti kɔrita di ni be shɛli maa pɔi ka naan yi ti baŋ ni shinshimi m-bala. Kɔribu ŋɔ ni tooi tahi barina na ka maan kpaŋsi yɛla zaŋ yi di ti funguusi soli ka di yɛligi soochi ka kpaŋsi. Kɔribu din be shinshimi ni ni tooi mali yaa ti yaɣi ka di ni mali so ti bi yuri ka kɔriti li hali ti lahi nya yuma, ŋan ni tooi ti binnema soli ka be kpe yuma ŋɔ ni. Kɔribu ti yaɣi ni tooi yihi gbana, ka di tirisi alaafee nyabu. N-kɔriti di ni be shɛŋa polo ni tooi yɛligi funguusi ti niŋ nubihi ni mini nyinyari ni. Di yi niŋ ka di ni paɣi bahi yom, di ni gbaai nubihi mini nyinyari ŋɔ, ka di kpe ningbuna ŋɔ ni. Kɔribu nyaaŋa, di ni tooi lahi yɛligi ti gbaai luɣili kam o ni shihi, nti pahi ningbuna luɣili kam ni o ʒiniɛli ni. Kɔribu ni tooi che ka gbana lu tiŋgbani ni, ka di tooi tahi di yɛligibu yaɣa. Di yi niŋ ka shinshimi funguusi bee di ni be ningbuŋ shɛli ni ŋɔ yɛligi sali ʒiniɛli ni (ka mani, niɛma ni, namda muna ni, shinshaɣu ni, ni kuli pahi pahi.) di nyɛla kɔribu, lubu, bee boblibu, di ni tooi lahi gbaai lala nira ni ban pahi. Kotomsi, di ni be napɔŋbili shɛli mi nyɛla din be o sokshin mini namda muna ni, ka di ni tooi lahi gbaagi o saha kam o yi ti pirili yaɣa. N-yɛn tooi baligi funguusi ŋɔ yɛligi kpe ningbuna yaɣa shɛŋa (nubihi ni) lahi nyɛla yɛltɔɣa. Di yi niŋ ka funguusi ŋɔ yɛligi kpe ningbuna yaɣa shɛŋa, di ni tooi lahi labi na napɔŋbili ŋɔ ni soochi di tibbu nyaaŋa. Ka di ni niŋ ka mali yuya doli di ni be luɣili kam la zuɣu, (kotomsi, tinea corporis (nabiikɔɣu) bee tinea cruris (jock itch)), di ni gbaai so ni tooi bi mi ni lala doro maa n-lahi bala.Tɛmplet:Cn

Shɛba beni ni tooi nyɛli ka di yina bɛ nuhi ŋɔ no bee nyɔɣu ni.[20] Doro ŋɔ tibbu nyɛla din nyahiri kɔribu ŋɔ mini di taba.[20]

Din tahiri li na

mali niŋ

Shinshimi nyɛla dermatophytosis bali shɛli din gbaari ningbuna, ka dermatophytes n-nye din tahiri li na, funguusinima ban be ningbuna daɣiri shee ka ni tooi wurim keratin.[2] Dermatophytes nyɛla anthropophilic, ka di wuhiri ni lala funguusinim yu sali ningbuna ni biɛhigu. Din zooi tahiri shinshimi na nyɛla bɛ ni mi shɛli Trichophyton rubrum ni T. mentagrophytes,[21] amaa ka Epidermophyton floccosum gba no tooi lahi tahili na.[22][23] Di zooya ka din tooi tahiri shinshimi biɛhigu puuni anduniya zaa nyɛla T. rubrum; amaa, di zooya din tahiri li na ban guuri sani nyɛla T. mentagrophytes.[17]

Di loobu

mali niŋ

UK alaafee bonti yaɣali ni yɛli shɛm, "Shinshimi nyɛla din loobu bi tɔ, ka di ni tooi yin looi laɣambu ni tab’ ni."[24] Doro ŋɔ ni tooi yin looi so yim di yi niŋ ka o shihi di ni mali so. Niriba ni tooi lahi nye doro di yi niŋ la bɛ miri di ni shihi binyɛhi shɛŋa (niɛma, bodua, ni din pahi pahi) bee polo ni (ka mani shinshaɣu ni, kom subu shee, yoɣu ni damgibu shee). Funguusinim ban tabiri shinshimi ŋɔ na ni tooi kuli gbaai yiɣi sali biɛhigu shee. Fungusinim ni tooi nubihi mini napɔŋbihi ni, amaa di ni tooi lahi gon kpe daɣiri din yiri sali ningbuna ni saha kam. Shinshimi funguusinim mini din be ningbuŋ shɛli ni nyɛla ŋan ni tooi kpe sokshin ni, namda muna ni, niɛma, shɛba, binniɛnbihi, gori pɔbirisi, kom subu shee, bkdua nima, kaapɛtinima ni duu tiŋa. Di yi niŋ ka funguusi ŋɔ kpe yiŋ binkobiri (baa bee jaŋkuno) ni, di ni looi niriba soochi zaŋ bɛ diɛma ni. Di yi niŋ ka binkobigu tooi zooi o maŋ niɣintibu, din tooi pala zohi ka o karita, di ni tooi nyɛla shinshima m-bala.

So' shɛli a ni ni tooi doli nye shinshimi ŋɔ nyɛla di yi shihi a ningbuna yaɣa shɛli luɣishɛli dabam. Funguusinim ban tahiri shinshimi ŋɔ na nyɛla ban ni tooi yi ningbuna luɣishɛli n-go siɣi napɔŋ bihi ŋɔ ni, ka di tooi zooi shihibi bee n-kɔri luɣishɛli di ni be maa, ka di che ka funguusi ŋɔ kpɛri nubihi ni, ka zaŋ shihi napɔŋbihi bee n-kɔri. Di ni niŋ ka funguusi ŋɔ din bi taɣari ŋɔ, doro ŋɔ din yuli nyɛla din taɣari doli din be ningbuna yaɣa shɛli. Kotomsi, din yuli booni la tinea corporis ("ringworm") di yi niŋ ka di be napɔŋbihi ŋɔ bee nubihi ni bee tinea cruris (jock itch bee dhobi itch) di yi niŋ ka di be napɔŋ kpuŋligu ŋɔ shee . Niɛma (bee namda muna), ningbuna tulim, ni waligu nyɛla ŋan ni tooi gbubi ningbuna viɛnyɛla ka di mah, ka mani tiŋgbani, funguusi ŋɔ nyɛla din tu ni di kpaŋsi.

So’ shɛŋa din ni tooi doli gbaai

mali niŋ

Gbaai yihi so’ shɛŋa di ni buɣisi zuɣusaa ŋɔ ka doro ŋɔ ni tooi doli gbaagi a, so’ shɛŋa lahi nyɛla beni ka di gba ni tooi che ka shinshimi ŋɔ gbaagi a alaha. Ninvuɣu shɛba shinshimi ŋɔ ni na min pun gbaai nyɛla di ni ni tooi lahi gbahi shɛba alaha gari di ni na ʒin pun gbagi shɛba. Zaɣikura nyɛla shinshimi ni tooi gbaai alaha gari bihi. Dobba nyɛla shinshimi ŋɔ ni ni tooi gbaai shɛba alaha gari paɣaba.[25] Ninvuɣu shɛba ban mali sichiri doriti bee ningbuna ni soojanim lahi ka yaa[25] nyɛla din ni tooi gbahi shɛba alaha. HIV/AIDS gabrigiri la ningbuna ni soojanima ka di zuɣu che ka di ni tooi gbaai ŋun mali li alaha. Hyperhidrosis (waligu yiri biɛɣu) gba nyɛla ŋan ni tooi che ka shinshimi ŋɔ gbaagi alaha ka di tibbu tɔ gba.[26]

Zahimbu

mali niŋ
 
Microscopic view of cultured athlete's foot fungus

A yi chaŋ dɔɣitɛ sani, sahimbu zalikpana shɛŋa din pun beni la nyɛla o ni yɛn doli shɛli. Di ni n-nyɛ m-bohiri a zaŋ yi a daalaafee taarihi polo din yɛn che ka o tooi baŋ so shɛli di ni tooi doli kpe a,[11] alaafee bonti bohisi ka dɔɣitɛ ŋɔ ni tooi bohi bohisi (ka mani zaŋ yi zaɣasibu mini kɔribu polo), ni ningbuna zuɣu lihibu.[11] Shinshimi zahimbu nyɛla din tooi zahindi ni nini yulibu ningbuna ŋɔ zuɣu ni di ŋmahingbana din nyɛ zaɣisibu di ni be shɛli polo ŋɔ.

Di yi niŋ ka zahimbu ŋɔ bi neei doni, tabibi maʒina nyɛla bɛ ni ni too zaŋ shɛli lihi ka baŋ ni shinshimi m-bala ni din tahili na, ka mani candidiasis, pitted keratolysis, erythrasma, contact dermatitis, eczema, bee psoriasis.[17][23][27] Dermatophyte di ni ka shɛli ka tahiri shinshimi na nyɛla din yɛn wuhi noli doni tabibi maʒini ŋɔ zuɣu.[17]

Laati sabinli, din tooi mali bukaata di yi kana funguusi zahimbu polo, pala din tooi sɔŋda di yi kana shinshimi zahimbu polo, ka di nyɛla dermatophytes din tahiri doro ŋɔ na pala neeri dooni polo ni.[13]

Gubu

mali niŋ

So' chibisi beni zaŋ jɛndi gbaya kasi niŋbu din che ka di ku ka taɣi shinshimi ŋɔ ka lahi baligi di labi gbaai. Lala so’ chibisi ŋɔ shɛŋa n-nye: N-che napɔna ŋɔ kuuri saha kam; n-che ka napɔŋ nyinyari bi zoori yaɣira; n-waligiri piliŋ din mali ŋmahiri shinshimi ŋɔ ni pun gbaai napɔŋbihi shɛŋa; n-piriti sokshin shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ gumdi mali shɛŋa ka di mali voya ka pɔhim tooi kpɛra; n-niŋ katiŋ ka che namda muɣira piribu; n-taɣiri sokshinima saha kam; ka piriti namda din pa zaɣ’ muna saha kam di yi ti niŋ ka kom subu shee.[7][17][28][29]

“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention” ni buɣisi shɛm, " Nyinyari simsi mi ni a ŋmahili ka che ka di be kasi. Nyinyari nyɛla doro ŋɔ ni ni tooi be shɛli ka looi niriba."[30] Bɛ ni booni shɛli antifungal poora la niŋbu nyɛla din ni tooi gu ka taɣi shinshimi labu na napɔŋ ni.[17]

Funguusinim ban tiri shinshimi ŋɔ nyɛla ban be viɛnyɛla ka zoora luɣishɛli din maha ka be zaliŋ. Dinzuɣu, di bi tɔ a gbaabu a yi miriti luɣishɛli din be zaliŋ, din maha, (kotomsi, namda din maha—namda muna din limsiri napɔŋ bihi) ni luɣishɛŋa din maha ka mani shinshari ni, kom duɣibu shɛhi, ni tibbu shɛhi.[16] “Chlorine bleach” nyɛla din kuri binniɛnbihi ka nye bɛ ni mali shɛli minda bee paɣiri yiya ka di kuri doriti binniɛma. M-mindi bee n-paɣiri biɛhisi shee ni “chlorine bleach” ŋɔ nyɛla soli din guri doro yɛligi gili. N-paɣiri kom subu gbambihi, shinshari, ni banjiri duro ni “chlorine bleach” guri mi ka taɣiri doro yɛligibu, ni di labi gbaai.

N-paɣiri soɣashinnima mini namda muna ka che ka di be kasi nyɛla so’ chibi yina din ni tooi gu funguusi benibu ni bɛ yɛligibu. N-niŋ katiŋ ka che namda muna laɣim piriti ni so gba nyɛla so’ chibiga din ni tooi gu ka taɣi doro ŋɔ loobu. Shinshimi ŋɔ ni tooi loogi a di yiŋ ka a piri ni mali so namda. Niŋ katiŋ ka che laɣimbu tabili budua, dama funguusinim ŋɔ ni tooi be di gba ni, di bahi bahindi di zaɣ' kurili.

Tibbu

mali niŋ

Shinshimi tooi tibira ka di pa ni tim vaabu pihita zaŋ ni pihinahi kobigi puuni.[31] Antifungal ti'shɛŋa din ʒɛri ningbuna zuɣu nyɛla din tooi tibiri li fini.[32]

Tibbu din nye din taɣa dee luɣili kam nyɛ mi ka a paɣi neei gbali ŋɔ yim biɛɣu kulo kam bee buyi, din nyaaŋa ka niŋ di tim pali. Dama gbana din be kpaŋ ŋɔ nyɛla din saɣim ka di ni tooi labi gbaa li, paɣi neei ka pa tim ŋɔ nyɛla din kun yɛn tuɣi hali ka gbana ŋɔ zaa ti lahi labina, ka mani dakulo ayi hali ayobu zuɣu baayan' di ŋmahingbana zoya zaa. N-che ka gbaya ŋɔ kuuri saha kam ka be kasi ka mani din buɣisi shɛm sɔŋ di gubu zuɣu zaa ŋɔ shɛm nyɛla so’ chibi kpeeni din kuri funguusi ka taɣiri di labbu na. Gbali ŋɔ tibbu pala din zaɣi. Di yi niŋ ka di kpe soɣashinnima bee namda muna ni, di piribu nyɛla din ni tooi labi gbaai gbali maa. Soɣashinnima nyɛla din ni tooi be kasi di niŋ ka paɣiri li ni kom 60 °C (140 °F).[33]

N-yɛn che ka di mali yaa, tibu ŋɔ gbaari la din be luɣili kam (ka mani napɔŋ nyinyari, nuhi, ni din kuli pahi pahi). Di yi pa lala, di na kuli nyɛla din ni tooi kuli yɛligira, hali ni tooi labi yaɣa shɛli din pun tibi ni. Kotomsi, a yi che di din be nyinyaɣu ni tibbu, di ni tooi lahi yɛligi gbaai napɔŋ muni maa zaa, ka di lahi leei shinshimi napɔŋ yaɣa. Allylamine ka mani terbinafine nyɛla din mali yaa gari azole di yi kana shinshimi tibbu polo.[17][34]

Din mali yaa ti yaɣi bee din yuui ningbuna ŋɔ ni tibbu ni tooi doli noli ni tim.

Tibbu din nye tim niŋ ʒiɛ

mali niŋ

Tima din nye niŋ ʒiɛ beni zaŋ chaŋ shinshimi tibbu polo, di shɛŋa n-nye: "miconazole nitrate", "clotrimazole", "tolnaftate" (a synthetic thiocarbamate), terbinafine hydrochloride,[16] butenafine hydrochloride and "undecylenic acid". Shinshimi ŋɔ ni tooi tibi ni tima din nye kom, poora, kpam bee chib’ kom. Tibbu din nye tim niŋ ʒiɛ ka mani "butenafine" niŋ ʒiɛ yim dakulo puuni, bee "terbinafine" njŋ ʒiɛ yim biɛɣu kam hali ni dakulo diba ayi nyɛla din viɛli pam ti shinshimi tibbu gari "miconazole" bee "clotrimazole".[23] Plantar-shinshimi nyɛla niŋ ʒiɛ ŋɔ ni di bi tibiri shɛli ka di nyɛla “hyperkeratotic” ni be di ni la zuɣu.[17] "Keratolytic" ni "humectant" tibbu ka mani "Urea-containing cream|urea", "salicylic acid", ni "lactic acid" nyɛla din mali bukaata pam di yi kana shinshimi ŋɔ tibbu polo.[17].[17]

“Potassium permanganate” niŋ niŋ ko' tulim ni gba nyɛla din tibiri shinshimi ŋɔ.[35] “Potassium permanganate” nyɛla yalim ka nye din mali bukaata pam di yi kana tima ni.

Tibbu din doli noli ni

mali niŋ

Shinshimi din mali yaa ti yaɣi, tim din nyuri ka nye terbinafine mali yaa gari griseofulvin.[2] Fluconazole bee itraconazole gba nyɛla din ni nyu noli ni di yi niŋ ka di mali yaa ti yaɣi.[2] Barina shɛli din tooi be ti nyura ŋɔ ni nyɛla “gastrointestinal upset”.[2]

Epidemiology

mali niŋ

Anduniya zaa, shinshimi doro nyɛla din gbaai salo vaabu pia ni anu kobigi puuni ni vaabu pishi kobigi puuni bikura ni.[21][36] Yaɣa, niriba vaabu kobisiyopɔin kobigi puuni nyɛla shinshimi ŋɔ ni tooi gbaai bɛ biɛhigu ni.[37] Shinshimi gbaabu nyɛla din zooi ni ninvuɣu shɛba ban piriti namda muna ka pɔhim bi yiri di ni, ka mani loba namda muna bee namda muna.[21][38].[37] Yaɣa, ni vihigu wuhiya ni shinshimi ŋɔ daa zooi linjimanima ni, salinbiriba, ni bam guura.[39] Yaha, tuma din nye guubu nyɛla din kpaŋsi shinshimi gbaabu.[37] Tiŋgban' shɛŋa mini yaɣa shɛŋa din niriba zooi ka bɛ chani napɔŋ zaŋa bi zooi ka shinshimi mi ŋɔ gbaariba ti paai tiŋ' shɛŋa ban yu piriti namda muna; din zuɣu, bɛ boli na doro ŋɔ ni “tib’ darigibu zaŋ n'ti ninneesim”.[40] Vihigu wuhiya ni di tooi zooi dobba gbaabu gari paɣaba.[36]

Shinshimi ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa tuui sabi yɛltɔɣa niŋ kundunim ni yuuni 1916, anduniya zaa tobu tuuli saha, saha shɛli din daa yoli linjimanim sani.[41] Zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1928, laasabu daa wuhiya ni America salo ban kalli miri miliyɔŋ pia n-daa mali li; do daa leela tiŋgbani muni zaa yɛlli. [41] Yuuni din daa paya, alaafee vihigu daa niŋ tam shikuru bihi pala ban na yoli kpɛrina University of California; di daa wuhiya ni shikuru bihi pala kalli vaabu pihinu ni ata kobigi puuni n-daa nye ban mali shinshimi mi ŋɔ ka zaŋ chaŋ yuuni maa daa ti yɛn naai ka kalli maa guui hali vaabu pisopɔin ni anii kobigi puuni.[41] Doro ŋɔ daa kpaŋsi la yuuni 1930, ni ninvuɣu shɛba ban mali arizichi; lala niriba nyɛla ban mali yiko salo ni laɣaindi luɣishɛŋa kaani kom tuɣubu shee, kokɛjinima.[41] Di kpaŋsibu, United States daa nyɛla din zooi hali ka diɛma ni yiɣijam diɛngɔɣu din daa niŋ 1932, Los Angeles, bɛ daa pombi la soya ka ban guuri daa guui. Lala saha ŋɔ alaafee tuma yilinima daa ti yɛlli ni shinshimi gbaabu yila ʒiɛmana palli ni, ka bɛ daa buɣisi li ni ̈ "ninneesim tib’ darigibu" din daa niŋ ka tibbu tima pam bi ku bukaata.[40][41].[41] Griseofulvin daa nyɛla yina yuuni 1960 ka wuhi noli viɛnyɛla di yi kana shinshimi tibbu polo. Yaɣa, shinshimi ŋɔ America linjima nim gbaabu daa nyɛla din baligi Vietnam din daa niŋ ka bɛ zaŋdi Griseofulvins ka di nye alaafee bon'ti tim.[41] Yuuni 1990, vihigu daa saɣati ka kpaŋsi “traconazole” ni Allylamine, din lahi nye tim din kariti shinshimi koɛhiri yɔɣu.[41] Yuuni, vihigu wuhiya ni terbinafine nyɛla din dihitabli ni di viɛli ti shinshimi karibu garj Griseofulvin; vihigu wuhiya itraconazole mini terbinafine wuhi noli ni waligimsim be di tumanim ni.[36]

Kundivihira

mali niŋ
  1. ↑ Naden, Tony. 2014. Dagbani dictionary. Webonary.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 (October 2012) "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10 (10): CD003584. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMID 23076898.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Hygiene-related Diseases (24 December 2009).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Symptoms of Ringworm (6 December 2015).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 (December 2015) "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care 42 (4): 501–516. DOI:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 (July 2012) "The diagnosis and management of tinea". BMJ 345 (7): e4380. DOI:10.1136/bmj.e4380. PMID 22782730.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 (April 2014) "Superficial fungal infections in children". Pediatric Clinics of North America 61 (2): 443–455. DOI:10.1016/j.pcl.2013.12.003. PMID 24636655.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 People at Risk for Ringworm (6 December 2015).
  9. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Fungal disease in Britain and the United States 1850–2000 : mycoses and modernity. Springer. p. 44. ISBN 9781137377036.
  10. ↑ Ghannoum M, Perfect JR, eds. (2009). Antifungal Therapy. New York: Informa Healthcare. p. 258. ISBN 9780849387869.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page Archived 28 Silimin gɔli January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  12. ↑ (December 2012) "Histopathological analysis of vesicular and bullous lesions in Kaposi sarcoma" (in en). Diagnostic Pathology 7 (1). DOI:10.1186/1746-1596-7-101. ISSN 1746-1596. PMID 22894735.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 (March 2004) "Dermatology for the practicing allergist: Tinea pedis and its complications". Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2 (1): 5. DOI:10.1186/1476-7961-2-5. PMID 15050029.
  14. ↑ (January 2003) "Dermatophyte infections". American Family Physician 67 (1): 101–108. PMID 12537173.
  15. ↑ (January 2000) "Pustular tinea pedis". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 42 (1 Pt 1): 132–133. DOI:10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90022-7. PMID 10607333.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 (June 2011) "Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 111 (6): 373–379. DOI:10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373. PMID 21771922.
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sports
  18. ↑ National Health Service webpage on Athlete's Foot Archived 14 Silimin gɔli January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  19. ↑ (March 2014) "Nail and skin disorders of the foot". The Medical Clinics of North America 98 (2): 213–225. DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2013.11.002. PMID 24559870.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 (August 2012) "Cutaneous id reactions: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, epidemiology, etiology, and management". Critical Reviews in Microbiology 38 (3): 191–202. DOI:10.3109/1040841X.2011.645520. PMID 22300403.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 (September 2008) "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide". Mycoses 51 (Supplement 4): 2–15. DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x. PMID 18783559.
  22. ↑ (October 2012) "Back to the future for dermatophyte genomics". mBio 3 (6): e00381–12. DOI:10.1128/mBio.00381-12. PMID 23111872.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 (May 2008) "Common tinea infections in children". American Family Physician 77 (10): 1415–1420. PMID 18533375.
  24. ↑ National Health Service's webpage on Athlete's Foot causes Archived 14 Silimin gɔli January 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Mayo Clinic website, Athlete's Foot Risk Factors Archived 7 Silimin gɔli February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ↑ The Merck Manual Professional Edition. Tinea Pedis Archived 28 Silimin gɔli January 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ↑ "Trends in the treatment of dermatophytosis". Biology of Dermatophytes and Other Keratinophilic Fungi: 148–158.
  28. ↑ (May 2012) "Skin manifestations of athletes competing in the summer Olympics: what a sports medicine physician should know". Sports Medicine 42 (5): 399–413. DOI:10.2165/11599050-000000000-00000. PMID 22512412.
  29. ↑ "Help Clients Prevent Athlete's Foot". Nails (in English). February 5, 2019. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  30. ↑ Centers for Disease Control webpage on Athlete's Foot Archived 30 Silimin gɔli January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  31. ↑ Over-the-Counter Foot Remedies Archived 29 Silimin gɔli September 2007 at the Wayback Machine (American Family Physician)
  32. ↑ (July 2007) "Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot" (Review). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007 (3): CD001434. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2. PMID 17636672.
  33. ↑ Fungal Infections. Podiatry Service, Wlsall Health Care. National Health Service (July 2011).
  34. ↑ (May 2012) "Efficacy and safety of topical antifungals in the treatment of dermatomycosis: a systematic review". The British Journal of Dermatology 166 (5): 927–933. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10815.x. PMID 22233283.
  35. ↑ Potassium Permanganate.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 (October 2012) "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10 (10): CD003584. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMID 23076898.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 (March 2022) "Consensus for the Treatment of Tinea Pedis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials". Journal of Fungi 8 (4): 351. DOI:10.3390/jof8040351. PMID 35448582.
  38. ↑ (May 2008) "Common tinea infections in children". American Family Physician 77 (10): 1415–1420. PMID 18533375.
  39. ↑ (July 2007) "Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007 (3): CD001434. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2. PMID 17636672.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 (February 1999) "A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community". The Australasian Journal of Dermatology 40 (1): 6–13. DOI:10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00308.x. PMID 10098282.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 41.6 41.7 Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Athlete's Foot (in English). Palgrave Macmillan.
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