Dagbani Wikipedia

Nan Madol

Nan Madol nyɛla binkura biɛhigu sheei din baɣi wulinpuhili polo teeku noli din nyɛ kosunsuuni tiŋgbani zaŋ ti Pohnpei, din pa be Madolenihmw yaɣili din be Pohnpei polo Federated States of Micronesia wulinpuhili polo Pacific Ocean. Nan Madol daa nyɛla Saudeleur dynasty tiŋ'zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1628.[1][note 1] Tiŋ ŋɔ malila biɛŋ, ka mali artificial islands din gabibkosoya pam ni .[1]Yaɣili ŋɔ mini di kuɣilibdeeibpolo ka mani 1.5 km waɣilim ni 0.5 km yɛliŋ ka mali kamani 100 artificial islets—stone ni coral fill platforms—ka di tarisi ni kɔgbana.

Nan Madol
ruins, archaeological site, artificial island
Zuliya wuhibuNan Madol Mali niŋ
TiŋaMicronesia Mali niŋ
Capital ofSaudeleur dynasty Mali niŋ
Din be shɛli polonaMadolenihmw Mali niŋ
Tiŋgbaŋ yaɣili calinli6°50′31″N 158°19′56″E Mali niŋ
Significant eventList of World Heritage in Danger Mali niŋ
Heritage designationNational Register of Historic Places listed place, National Historic Landmark, World Heritage Site Mali niŋ
Lahabaya dundɔŋ din mali dihitabilihttps://www.nan-madol.com/ Mali niŋ
World Heritage soli(i), (iii), (iv), (vi) Mali niŋ
Map
E-Class

Di yuli ŋɔ (Nan Madol) gbunni nyɛla "polo ŋan be di sunsuuni" ka di wuhiri ko'soya din saɣim.[7] Di yu' maŋli n-nyɛ Soun Nan-leng (Reef of Heaven), Gene Ashby ni yɛli shɛm o buku din nyɛ Pohnpei, An Island Argosy.[8] Ti ni ʒi saha shɛli ŋɔ lala tiŋgbani din saɣim ŋɔ n-nyɛ bin'kura biɛhigu shee yɛlimaŋli ka be tooi lahi booni li "Atlantis", the "eighth wonder of the world," bee "Venice of the Pacific".[9]


Taarihi

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Nan Madol daa nyɛla laɣingu mini siyaasa tali yɛltɔɣa shee zaŋ ti Saudeleur Dynasty, ka di laɣim Pohnpei's ninvuɣi biɛlim kalinli shɛli be ni buɣisi ka di ni paai 25,000 zaŋ kana 1628.[1] Gbaai yihi Pohnpei kosunsuni tiŋgbani mini Temwen Island, di daa nyɛla ninsala nima tuma shee yuun kɔbigu min yuun kɔbishii AD. Zaŋ chaŋ 8th bee 9th century, islet mɛbu daa piligiya, di daa pili mi nimegalithic architecture n pili ni yuma din gbaai 1180–1200 AD.[10]

Yɛltɔɣa biɛla n ni tooi dihitabili ni megalithic mɛbu. Pohnpeian kali wuhiya ni ŋun daa mɛ Leluh archaeological site tam Kosrae (likewise composed of huge stone buildings) daa yi mi labi Pohnpei, ka be ti zaŋ mɛ baŋsim mɛ Nan Madol zaɣi maŋli. Radiocarbon dating wuhiya ni Nan Madol daa pun daŋ mi wuhi Leluh; di wuhiya, ni din tooi nyɛ Nan Madol wuhi Leluh.[10]

Yɛltɔɣa din yi Pohnpeian legend sani na wuhiya ni, ni jabihi n daa mɛ Nan Madol, Olisihpa mini Olosohpa,daadaa lahiʒibu din nyɛ Western Katau, bee Kanamwayso. Lla niriba ay ŋɔ daa kpɛla ŋariŋ titali paai tiŋa ŋɔ ni nti bori soli ni be mɛ binbini din yɛn chɛ ka bɛ tooi jɛmdi Nahnisohn Sahpw, duuma zaŋti pukparilim. Be ni daa ŋmari ʒiri maa n-ti naai, be daa nyɛ nasara mɛ binbini Temwen ko'sunsuni tiŋgbani zuɣu, ni ka be daa maani be maliŋ. Taarihi puuni, ʒɛriga (dragon) ŋun yiɣiri daa soŋla niriba ayi ŋɔ ka be wuɣi kuɣi titali din daa niŋ ka Olisihpa kpi o ninkurilim ni , Olosohpa n daa niŋ Saudeleur tuuli. Olosohpa daa bola paɣa ka ka doɣi bihi pia nI ayi, ka daa lahi lee Saudeleur nanima pia ni ayɔbu zaŋti Dipwilap ("Great") clan.[note 2]

Ban daa pili li ŋɔ daa gbubi li viɛnyɛla, ka ban daa doli be nyaaŋa daa zaŋ ʒiya pam ʒili be sulinsi zuɣu. Isokelekel n daa kana ka be nam kpai, ŋun gba daa ʒini Nan Madol, amaa doli o nyaaŋa daa yila nimaani yɛla ni.[5][11][12] John Stanislaw Kubary n-nyɛ tuuli ninvuɣi so ŋun buɣisi Nan Madol viɛnyɛla yuuni 1874.[13]

Daliri mini Nahingbana

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Detail of columnar basalt pieces

Di tuuli biɛhigu shee ŋɔ daa nyɛla tiŋgbani kpamba ni be shɛli. Di ninvuɣi biɛlim kalinli ni ku paai tuhili ( 1000) ka ni tooi lahi pɔri n-gari di pirigili. Ban daa biɛni pam daa nyɛla nanima, ka ban lee galisi nyɛ tarimba. Nan Madol daa nee la soli ti Saudeleur nanima ni be laɣim ka tooi gu ka taɣi ban ti yɛn kariba yihi be tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka chɛ be yinsi, be tuma ni tumbu ni di yɛliŋ niŋ tɔm luɣishɛli polo.

Madol Powe, ashibiti ni kpiimba yaɣili, mali la 58 islets din be northeastern yaɣili, Nan Madol polo. Islets pam daa nyɛla nabihi biɛhigu shee. Ka islets shɛŋa mi mali bukaata gahinda: bindirigu duɣibu, ŋarim malibu, ni abe kpam malibu shɛhi. Goon waɣila din gili ba la bela Peinkitel, Karian, ni Lemenkou, amaa din gaŋdu di puuni nyɛla nanima [10]

Nan Madol zuɣu, ko palli bee bindiri palli kani ; be vɔrila kom ka kɔri bindira tiŋgbani din be teeku nyaaŋa. Saudeleur ʒɛmana saha, Pohnpeians daa zaŋdi la shitima ʒiri bindiri gahinda ni kom chani ni.[2][4][14] Saudeleur daa deeri la bindirigu ŋɔ ni islet shɛli ni— first Peiniot, ni din miri the Usennamw.[4][5]

Kamani 1628 yuuni, di ni daa niŋ ka Isokelekell ni ŋmɛ n yiɣisi Saudeleurs ka pili Nahnmwarki Saha, Nahnmwarkis daa bela Nan Madol, amaa ka voori be maŋ maŋ kom kori be bindira. Ka di daa chɛ ka be yi Nan Madol biɛhigu yɛla ni ka yi n-labi be ya nima.

Archaeology

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Example of Nan Madol's architecture

Zuŋɔ Nan Madol pahi la binkura yaɣili ni kuɣa mɛ shɛli baɣili shore of Temwen Island. Lala yaɣili ŋɔ mini di kuɣa dikpuna ŋɔ deei la yaɣili din miri 100 artificial islets—stone and coral fill platforms—bordered, ka kogbana gooni nima gilli.

Carbon dating wuhiya ni megalithic mɛbu Nan Madol pili la AD 1180 bɛ ni daa yihi basalt kuɣa volcanic plug din be ohnpei polo la. Bɛ ni mɛ shɛŋa tuuli Pohnpei daa nan tooi nyɛ AD 1 saha di mini radiocarbon dating wuhiya ni ninsalinima tuma pili la AD 80–200.[10]

Yuuni 1985, Nan Madol saɣimbu nyɛla bɛ ni daa yɛli shɛli National Historical Landmark.

Hali n ti naan yi kpari yuuni 2012, binyɛra din daa yina yaɣili ŋɔ daa zaŋ mi wuhi salo Lidorkini Museum.[15]

Lost continent theories

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The ruins of Nan Madol and surroundings

Shɛba buɣisila Nan Madol ni "lost continents" of Lemuria be Mu. Nan Madol nyɛla James Churchward ni daa lihi shɛli ka di be lost continent of Mu ni, din piini o buku din nyɛ 1"926 book The Lost Continent of Mu Motherland of Man".

O buku din yuli nyɛ Lost City of Stones (1978), sasabira Bill S. Ballinger yɛliya ni Greek sailors c. 300 BC n daa mɛ tiŋa ŋɔ. David Hatcher Childress, ŋun sabiri ka yihiri buku nima, buɣisimi ka Nan Madol pahi lost continent of Lemuria.[16]1999 buku The Coming Global Superstorm din nyɛ Art Bell min Whitley Strieber dini, din buɣisi ni global warming tooi tahi tingbani tulim ni maasim barina na.

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Television

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Litiricha/Bukunima mini Lahabaya sabbu

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  • Nan Madol saɣimbu nyɛla bɛ ni da zaŋ shɛli lost race kpɛrigu shɛli A. Merritt, The Moon Pool ni daa sabi yuuni (1918),din ni ka bɛ daa boli kosunsuni tingbana la ni Nan-Tauach ka boli di saɣimbu mi Nan-Matal.
  • Nan Madol mini di taarihi nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛlibpili Deep Fathom (2001) lahabali shɛli James Rollins ni daa sabi.
  • In the comic Nameless by Grant Morrison mini Chris Burnham, Nan Madol tiŋ'karili ka mythical Dream Key of Nan Samwohl be .
  • Medusa buku puuni, Clive Cussler mini Paul Kemprecos ni sabi shɛli, Nan Madol nyɛla buɣili malibu sheei ka bɛ booni li The Cult of the Healing Priests, bɛ ni daa zamasuri mini jellyfish ban be kasi ka ni tooi tibi barinima luɣishɛli.

Yila

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  • Nan Madol (1974) nyɛla Edward Vesala ni laɣim yili gansi shɛŋa ŋmɛ.
  • Nan Ma Dol nyɛla yili Endura ni sabi ka yihi li na Liber Leviathan yila din daa laɣim yina yuuni (1996).
  • Ruins of Nan Madol (2014) nyɛla audiomachine ni ŋmɛ yili shɛli.

Diɛma ni yiɣijam

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  • Nan Madol nyɛla tiŋ zuɣu be Civilization VI game. A yi ti bɛ linjimajima lampoo, bɛ yɛn ti a la binshɛɣu din yuli booni "The Army of Cthulhu".

Bibliography

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  • Ayres, William S. Nan Madol, Pohnpei. SAA Bulletin. Vol. 10, Nov. 1992. Society for American Archaeology.
  • Ayres, William S. Pohnpei's Position in Eastern Micronesian Prehistory, Micronesica, Supplement 2: Proceedings, Indo Pacific Prehistory Association, Guam, 1990, pp. 187–212.
  • Ayres, William S. Mystery Islets of Micronesia. Archaeology Jan-Feb 1990, pp. 58–63.
  • Ratzel, Prof. Friedrich The History of Mankind Book II, London 1896. Races of the Pacific and their migrations pp.  159-60. Includes a drawing entitled `Sepulchral monument in Ponapé, Caroline Islands. (From a photograph in the Godeffroy Album.)'
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Kundivihira

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nan Madol, Madolenihmw, Pohnpei Archived 13 Silimin gɔli June 2010 at the Wayback Machine William Ayres, Department of Anthropology University Of Oregon, Accessed 26 September 2007
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hanlon, David L (1988). Upon a Stone Altar: A History of the Island of Pohnpei to 1890. Pacific Islands Monograph. 5. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 13–25. ISBN 0-8248-1124-0. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  3. ↑ Cordy, Ross H (1993). The Lelu Stone Ruins (Kosrae, Micronesia): 1978-81 Historical and Archaeological Research. Asian and Pacific Archaeology. Social Science Research Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa. pp. 14, 254, 258. ISBN 0-8248-1134-8. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Morgan, William N (1988). Prehistoric Architecture in Micronesia. University of Texas Press. pp. 60, 63, 76, 85. ISBN 0-292-76506-1. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Panholzer, Tom; Rufino, Mauricio (2003). Place Names of Pohnpei Island: Including And (Ant) and Pakin Atolls. Bess Press. pp. xiii, 21, 22, 25, 38, 48, 56, 63, 71. 72, 74, 104. ISBN 1-57306-166-2. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  6. ↑ Micronesica. University of Guam. 1990. pp. 92, 203, 277. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  7. ↑ Nan Madol (U.S. National Park Service).
  8. ↑ Ashby, Gene; 'Pohnpei, An Island Argosy'; Publisher: Rainy Day Pr West; Revised edition (June 1987); ISBN 978-0-931742-14-9
  9. ↑ http://www2.canada.com/vancouvercourier/news/travel/story.html?id=d7601625-fafe-46f4-b1d1-5c18837881cf [permanent dead link]
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 (November 2016) "Earliest direct evidence of monument building at the archaeological site of Nan Madol (Pohnpei, Micronesia) identified using 230Th/U coral dating and geochemical sourcing of megalithic architectural stone". Quaternary Research 86 (3): 295–303. DOI:10.1016/j.yqres.2016.08.002.
  11. ↑ Riesenberg, Saul H (1968). The Native Polity of Ponape. Contributions to Anthropology. 10. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 38, 51. ISBN 9780598442437. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  12. ↑ Goodenough, Ward Hunt (2002). Under Heaven's Brow: Pre-Christian Religious Tradition in Chuuk. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society. 246. American Philosophical Society. p. 293. ISBN 0-87169-246-5. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  13. ↑ Rainbird, Paul (2004). The Archaeology of Micronesia. Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0521651882. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  14. ↑ Ballinger, Bill Sanborn (1978). Lost City of Stone: The Story of Nan Madol, the "Atlantis" of the Pacific. Simon and Schuster. pp. 45–8. ISBN 0-671-24030-7. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  15. ↑ Hunt, Errol (2000). South Pacific (in English). Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-0-86442-717-5.
  16. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-932813-04-6


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