Kui (music)
Kui nyɛla "Kipchak " binkumda din kumsi ŋmɛri ni "national plucked", peen mulli ni pɔhim binyɛra kamani dombyra, qobyz, syrnai, di tooi zooya ka "plucked dombyra" din bee Kazakhs mini Komuz din be Kyrgyzs ka bɛ mai n ŋmɛri li. 20th century polo ha, Kazakh Soviet yiliyiiniba daa tɔɣisiri la kuis kumsi.
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| Yaɣ sheli | Turkic-Mongolic music, Kazakh folk music  |
|---|---|
| Tingbani shɛli din yina | Kazachstan |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00996, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00996, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00996 |
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Kui in Kazakh culture performed with dombyra mali niŋ
Kazakh kaya ni taɣada kuis daa bɔhindi la suhuni ka zaŋ wuhi ban doli nyaaŋa ka di pala di sabimi n sɔŋ. Kamani ŋmahinli, Kazakh folk Kui “aqsaq qulan” (lame onager) nyɛla din daa bɛni 13th century. Kazakh kuis baŋdiba pam daa be la Middle Ages. Amaa kaya ni taɣada ŋɔ pili la wuligibu 19th mini 20th centuries. Kui kaya ni taɣada lahi mali noli ni dini din wuhiri di ni niŋdi shɛm, ninsalinima, daliri nima mini yuya nima. Pɔi ka bɛ naan yi ŋmɛ kui, ŋun yɛn ŋmɛli maa tiri la lahabaya jɛndi o ni yɛn ŋmɛ shɛli maa, ka di che ka ban yɛn wum li maa wum di nyaɣisim viɛnyɛla. Amaa zaŋ chaŋ sahashɛli bɛ ni daa yɛn wɔli kuis noli ni kali maa ka che di binkumda kuishi bela ko (ban ŋmɛri kui) n na nyɛ ban gbubi lala kali ŋɔ yaɣili ŋɔ.
Ancient composers of kuis mali niŋ
Dombyra Kuis daa yimi na saha shɛli ha nima binkumda salima ni. "Middle age" yililiyiiniba pam be Kazakh taarihi ni:
- Sypyra-Zhyrau (14th century)
- Qaztugan or Abulqadir (15th century)
- Asanqaigy (14th-15th centuries)
- Baizhigit (15th-16th centuries)
Amaa kali maa daa zani la di naba zuɣu 19th century. Ban daa pili kuis daa pun bɛni zaŋna ni lala saha ŋɔ:
- Qurmangazy Sagyrbai (1823–1889)
- Mahambet Otemisuly (Utemisov, 1803–1846)
- Dauletkerei Shygauly (Shygaev, 1821–1875 )
- Tattimbet Qazangapuly (Kazangapov, 1817–1862)
- Abyl Taraquly, (Taraqov, 1820–1892)
- Esbai (1810–1901)
- Qazangap (1854–1921)
- Toqa Shonmanuly (Shonmanov, 1830–1904) and others
Paɣa ŋun daa ŋmɛri li, Dina Nurpeisqyzy, bee Dina Nurpisova (1861–1955) gba daa zaŋli pili o tuma lala saha maa.
Kui balibu mali niŋ
Salima kuis mini baŋdiba kuis zaa bɛni. Bɛ yɛliya ni kuis salima ni tooi pili ni jɛma jambu, "nomad" zuliyanima niŋsim . Kuishi kam (ŋun ŋmɛri kui) malila o ni niŋdi li shɛm.
Kuis yɛltɔɣa zuɣuri nyɛla din mali waliginsim pam: baŋdiba tɛha puuni zaŋ kana biɛhigu ni. Kamani ŋmahinli, Dauletkerei's kui, "Zhiger", din gbunni nyɛ “Energy to Live” bee Qazangap's Kui “Kokil” din gbunni nyɛ“Melody of my Soul”; Osen Tore's Kui, “Ottin Dunie, Kettin Dunie” din gbunni nyɛ “My Days Have Passed”. Kuis shɛŋa zaanimi n-tiri ninsali tɛha (Qurmangazy's Kui “Toremurat” – doo yuli; Mamen's Kui “Aqsholpan” din nyɛ paɣa yuli; Dina's “Asem Qonyr”). Kuis shɛŋa jɛndiri la tiŋgbani – "vast fields of steppe": Qurmangazy's kui "Sary Arqa" din gbunni nyɛ“Golden Steppe”; Tattimbet's kui “Sarzhailau” – "Golden Plateau"; Bogda's kui “Zhem Suynyn Tasqyny” din gbunni nyɛ “ Zhem River bindirigu”.
Kuis yaɣ'shɛŋa zaanimi n-tiri kuishis biɛhigu. (Qurmangazy's Kui “Aman Bol Sheshem, Aman Bol” din gbunni nyɛ "Take Care, Mama, Take Care"; Tattimbet's Kui “Kokei Kesti”, bee suhuni saɣisaɣi; Dina's “Qaraqasqa At” warisabinli ŋun tɔ zaɣ'piɛlli o gbɛɣu ni.
Kuis balishɛli zanimi ti noonsi mini binkɔbiri: salima’ “Bozingen” din gbunni nyɛ laakum nyaŋ, Telkqonyr-din gbunni nyɛ wahu yuli; Ashimtai's “Qonyr Qaz” din gbunni nyɛ “Brown Goose”; Sugir's Kui “Aqqu” din gbunni nyɛ “White Wwan”. Nomads lahi mali kuis tɔɣisiri bɛ ʒilɛli yɛltɔɣa.
Kui tradition mali niŋ
Kuisbinkumda balibu dibaa ayi m-biɛni; tokpe kuis (din be Western Kazakhstan) ni shertpe kuis (Eastern, Southern mini Central Kazakhstan). Shertpe kui be di ko ka che tokpe kui di yɛltɔɣa zuɣu polo, balibu, ni ŋmɛbu. Western tokpe kuis buɣisirila kpɛrigu binyɛra. Di kumsi tirimi n doli di zalisi – Dombyra neck kumsi pɛbu doli taba.
Shertpe kuis ka lala zalisi ŋɔ. Di kumsi nyaɣisimi ka di ŋmani la yila zuɣu ka di be.
Ban ŋmɛri tokpe kKuis shɛba n-nyɛ Qurmangazy, Dauletkerey, Qazangap, Abyl, Esir, Esbay, Dina, n-ti pahi Seitek. Ninvuɣi timsili ŋun be kui kali ni n-nyɛ Qurmangazy ŋun yina Western school of kui kali ni. O ŋmɛ kui yili shɛŋa salo ni bɔra. Ban zani n-ti Shertpe kali n-nyɛ Baizhigit, Tattimbet, Toqa, Dairabai, Sugur, Ryzdyq, Abiken, Tolegen ni ban pahi.
Kundivihira mali niŋ
From the National Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Books in Russian.
1. Akishev K.A. "Kurgan of Issyk". — Moscow, 1978.
2. Alekseeva L. А., Nazhmedenov Zh. "Uniqueness of the Kazakh dombyra sound and tuning//Kazakh Culture:researches. Scientific articles brochure, Almaty, 2000.
3. Alekseeva L. А., Nazhmedenov Zh. Features of Kazakh Dombyra.// My i vselennaya journal. 2001.No. 1(6), p52-54.
4. Amanov B. Terms of compositions for dombyra Kui. Alma-Ata, 1982.
5. Aravin P.V. Steppe's stars. — Alma-ata, 1979.
6. Aravin P.V. Great Kuishi Dauletkerei.-Alma-ata, 1964.
7. Asafjef B.V. About Kazakh folk music.//Musical culture of Kazakhstan.-Alma-Ata, 1955.
8. Baramankulov M. Turkic space.-Almaty, 1996.
9. Vyzgo T. Musical instrumentsof the Central Asia.-Moscow, 1980.
10. Gizatov B.. Social and esthetic basics of Kazakh folk instrumental music.-Alma-Ata, 1989.
11. Zhubanov A.K. Dombyra-Kazakh national instrument.//Muzykoznanie journal.-Alma-Ata, 1976. p. 8-10.
12. Stakhov V. Arts od violin master. — Leningrad, 1988.
13. Nazhmedenov Zh. Acoustic features of Kazakh Dombyra. Aktobe, 2003.
14. Utegalieva S.I. Dombyra tradition in Mangystau. Almaty, 1997.