Kamantoo

D-Class

Kamantoo

taxon, food crop

Yaɣ sheli	fruit vegetable
Di bukaata	fruit vegetable
Yu'ŋmaa	помідор
Nangban yiŋga Yuya	Solanum lycopersicum
Yaɣili Kpamli	species
Lamba Zuliya	Solanum
Taxon synonym	Lycopersicon esculentum
Has fruit type	berry
This taxon is source of	Kamantoonsi, tomato juice
Pin' shɛŋa o ni dee	Vegetable of the year
Basionym of	Lycopersicon lycopersicum H.Karst. (1882)
Hardiness of plant	2
Taxon range	China, Tibet Autonomous Region, Guangdong
Taxon author citation	L.
GRIN URL	https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=101442
Sequenced genome URL	https://plants.ensembl.org/Solanum_lycopersicum
Unicode bachinima	🍅

Tomatoes: whole, halved vertically and halved horizontally

Kamantooŋa (/təmeɪtoʊ/ bee /təmɑːtoʊ/) nyɛla binwɔlli din dira ka yina kamantoon gbuŋ ni (Solanum lycopersicum). Di pili la western South America, Mexico, ni Central America. Di ni tooi niŋ ka di zaŋ niŋ bindiri nyɛ din piliMexico polo. Aztecs daa malila kamntoonsi duɣiri Spanish ni daa ŋme n-deei Aztec Empire saha shɛli, ka Spanish ni daa tuui nya kamantoonsi bɛ ni daa be Aztecs ni, ka bɛ daa dali kuli Europe, bɛ daa dalimi ni bɛ ni boli shɛli "Columbian exchange". Nimaani nyaaŋa, kamantoonsi daa gili Europe yaɣa 16th century.

Kamantoonsi nyɛla din pahiri "umami" nyɔm. Di dibu mali balibu pam: zaɣ'kahili bee di yi duɣi, ka niŋdi bindira pam ni, binnyura ni kpama ni. Kamantoon piɛla nyɛla binwɔla.

Kamantooni balibu nyɛla bɛ ni kɔri shɛli dunia tiŋgbani yaɣa pam, ka di zuɣu che kamantoonsi binkɔŋdi yuuni puli ni. Kamantoongbuŋ zoori paari kamani 1–3 meters (3–10 ft) . Di gbuŋ ka yaa din ni tooi zani zuɣusaa ka di zuɣu che ka bɛ sari bɛ sari binyɛra din sɔdi li ka di zaana. Kamaantooŋa ŋmelimbu dolila kamantooŋa balishɛli din nyɛli, ka di ŋmelindi paari kamani 1–10 cm (1⁄2–4 in) .

Grape tomatoes on the vine for sale at a market

Taaarihi

Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum: the oldest surviving tomato fruit and leaves. Page from the En Tibi Herbarium, 1558. Naturalis Leiden.

Kamantoonsi nyɛbila din nye, Solanum pimpinellifolium, chaŋ mi ti yina South America. Lala kamantoon balli ŋɔ daa nyɛla din barilim mini paya saɣi. Tuuli shɛhirili din wuhiri kamantoonsi zaŋ ku bukaata yiŋ nyɛla din tabi Aztecs nima mini ninvuɣu shɛb’ ban be "Mesoamerica", ban daa nye ban zaŋli duɣira. Spain niriba n-daa nye ban tooi zaŋ kamantoonsi wuhi Europe nima, din daa niŋ ka ban pun mali duɣiri bɛ bindira. France, Italy ni northern Europe, kamantoonsi daa na nyɛla bɛ ni sari shɛli nachiinsi zuɣu. Zlisiɣu daa na beni zaŋ chaŋ di bindiri tali polo ka dama botanists daa lihili ka di nyɛla “nightshade”, din tabi pɔizin tia, belladonna. Ŋɔ daa nyɛla lahabali din ʒiɛ ka di nyɛla kamantoonsi puuni kom din nye acid la mini “pewter” yi gabi taba. Di vari mini di wala nyɛla din mali “tomatine”, ka di yi galisi di ni tooi mali barina. Amaa, kamantoonsi din mooi dii ka “tomatine” ŋɔ pam n'ti paai din bi mooi.

Mesoamerica

Dabsi chirichi bi mi zaŋ kpa di yiŋ kpɛbu na; 500 BC zaa, di daa pun nyɛla bɛ ni kɔri shɛli Mexico wulinluɣili polo ka yaɣa shɛŋa gba. Pueblo niriba ban dihimi tabli ni ninvuɣu shɛba ban vaandi kamantoon bi nyɛla bam mali tim. Kamantoonsi din mali pɔbri, din bala, ka nye zaɣi bihi, nyɛla ŋan yina Mesoamerica, ka di ni tooi nye din zuliya n-nye kamantoon shɛŋa din pa be biɛhigu ni ŋɔ.

Aztecs nim ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban yihi kamantoon’ bali bɔbigu na, ka kamantoon ʒiɛ yuli nye xitomatl ka kamantoon vɔkahili yuli mi nye (physalis) called tomatl (tomatillo). Bernardino de Sahagún wuhiya ni o daa nye kamantoon bali bɔbigu Aztec daa ni din be Tenochtitlán (Mexico City): “kamantoon kara, kamantoon bihi, vɔri kamantoonsi, kamantoon nyaɣasa, kamantoonsi din be ka bihili, kamantoon kara din be sapaɣa", ni kom kam kamantoonsi, zaɣa ʒiɛhi hali ni zaɣa dozima. Bernardino de Sahagún yɛliya ni Aztecs duɣiri ka kamantoonsi kani bee ni kamantoon bali bɔbigu, ka kohirili tiŋ kara dahi ni: “bindira, binnyuri tula; bindiri chimda, lamalɛhi, ni kamantoonsi; tua duɣira, n'ti pahi kamantoon kpuli kara kom, din bi yaɣi laa kom, tuturi balibu balibu kom, paya kom."

Spanish distribution

Spain conquistador Hernán Cortés ni tooi nyɛ ŋun daa tuui zaŋ kamantoon dozim kpe Europe di ni daa niŋ ka o gbahi Aztec City Tenochtitlan, din pa nyɛ Mexico City, yuuni 1521. Piligu alizama zaŋ kpa kamantoonsi polo Europe litiricha ni nyɛla din daa yina herbal ni yuuni 1544 ka ŋun sabi li nyɛ Pietro Andrea Mattioli, Italy dɔɣite, ŋun daa wuhi ni “eggplant” bali shɛli nyɛla din kpe na ka di kom nyɛ zaɣi ʒee bee zaɣi dozim di yi mooi, ka ni tooi lahi ŋmahi kala kala n-ŋubi ka mani eggplant—di yi niŋ ka di duɣi ka niŋ yalim, naanzua, ni kpam niŋ. Yuun' pia nyaaŋa ka kamantoonsi yuli daa ti yina sabbu ni ka nyɛ Mattioli as pomi d'oro, bee "golden apples".

Di ni daa niŋ ka Spain ŋmɛnfa America naai, Spain nim ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban tari kamantoonsi gili ban kam zaa bɛ sulinsi ni Caribbean. Bɛ daa lahi zaŋli chaŋ Philippines, ka di daa yi di ni kpe southeast Asia ka di kpe Asia bobli maa zaa. Spain nim ŋɔ n-daa lahi nye ban zaŋ kamantoonsi kpe Europe. Di zoobu daa bi tɔ Mediterranean ni, ka di kobu daa piligi yuuni 1540 saha. Bɛ daa pili di dibu di yibu na nyaaŋa, ka di daa nye bindirigu sɛnchiri pia ni apɔin saha, Spain.

China

Ban daa tuui zaŋ kamantoonsi wuhi China nim m-nyɛ Philippines bee Macau, yuma 1500 saha. Bɛ daa ti li yuli la 番茄 fānqié (foreign eggplant), ka di dumi tam bɛ China nim ni tooi tiri bindira din yina tiŋduya yuya shɛm, amaa ka lee zami ti kurum buna ha dina.

Kɔbu

Kantooŋa nyɛla bɛ ni kɔri shɛli dunia zaa pirim la di wɔla ni dirila zuɣu, ka di mali balibu tuha. Kulim din mali NPK ratio din nyɛ 5–10–10 n-tooi zooi ka bɛ kɔhirili kamantooŋa kulim, amaa kulimtam nyɛla bɛ ni lahi mali shɛli bahiri li.Kamantoon yini ni ʒi ni too paai kamani.

Dɔriti

For a more comprehensive list, see List of tomato diseases.

Tomato fruitworm feeding on unripe tomato

Tomato bug feeding on tomato plant sap

A split heirloom tomato, caused by fluctuation in water availability

• LB – 'late blight'
• V – verticillium wilt
• F – fusarium wilt strain I
• FF – fusarium wilt strain I and II
• N – nematodes
• T – tobacco mosaic virus, and
• A – alternaria.

Binnɛma

Kamantoonsi binnɛma ban niŋ bayana n-nyɛ tomato bug, stink bugs, cutworms, tomato hornworms ni tobacco hornworms, aphids, cabbage loopers, whiteflies, tomato fruitworms, flea beetles, red spider mite, slugs, n-ti pahi Colorado potato beetles. Kamantoonsi "russet mite", Aculops lycopersici, dirila kamnatoonsi vari mini di wɔla, ka di che ka di vari gurinda, fulaawaasi ni wɔla ka ni tooi che kamantooŋa kpi.

Binnɛma ŋɔ yi kpe kamantoonsi ni bɛ yɛligirimi.

Other disorders

Hali di yi kuli pa dɔriti, kom yi bi saɣi kamantoonsi di zuɣu ni tɔoi che ka di mooi ka tɔhi lu.

Companion plants

See also: List of companion plants and List of beneficial weeds

Kamantoonsi mini binwɔla pamtabi taba.

"Borage" nyɛla din kariti kamantoonsi binnɛma.

Basil nyɛla binwɔlli din tabi kamantooŋa. Vihigu wuhiya ni di nyɛla din ni too kari binnɛma kamantoonsi ni. Amaa, di bi taɣiri kamantoonsi malisim di mini li yi ko m-miri taba.

Kamnatoon gbuna ni tooi gu ka taɣi "asparagus" din yirina "asparagus beetles" ni, ka di daliri nyɛla di malila tim din kuri lala binnɛma ŋɔ, di mini "asparagus" gbuna mali "asparagusic acid" din kariti "nematodes" ban saɣindi kamantoon gbuna la. "Marigolds" gba kariti "nematodes".

Pollination

Tomato flower in full bloom, next to a young, green developing fruit

Flowers and ripe fruit can be present simultaneously.

Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation

Hydroponic cultivation

Greenhouse cultivation in Andalusia

Yield

Dunia nima daa zaŋ la yiika 4.8 miliyɔŋ n-ko kamantoonsi yuuni 2012 ka bɛ ni daa pɔhi kamantoon shɛŋa yiɣisi kpalansi 161.8 miliyɔŋ. Yiika kam daa naan tooi niŋ paai kamani kpalansi 33.6 yiika kam zuɣuni yuuni 2012.

Kamantoon puri din daa be Netherlands n-daa nyɛ din niŋ pam yuuni 2012, ka yiika kam ni tooi niŋ paai kamani yiika kɔbisinahi ni pisopɔin ni ayɔbu, Belgium n-daa do buyi zuɣu (ka yiika kam daa naan tooi niŋ kpalan kɔbiga ni pihiyɔbu ni ata) ka Iceland pahi buta (ka yiika kam daa naan tooi niŋ kamani kpalan kɔbisinahi ni pihita yini ka).

Records

The "tomato tree" as seen by guests on the Living with the Land boat ride at Epcot, Lake Buena Vista, Florida

Zaŋ kana yuuni 2008, kamantoon timsili shɛli bɛ ni daa pɔhigi timsim daa yiɣisila 3.51 kg (7 lb 12 oz), kamantoon balishɛli din nyɛ "Delicious" n-daa nyɛli, ka ŋun daa ko li nyɛ Gordon Graham ŋun yina Edmond, Oklahoma yuuni 1986. Kamantoon gbuŋ din daa galisi daa nyɛla kamantoosi balishɛli din yuli nyɛ "Sungold" ka daa zooi paai 19.8 m (65 ft), ban daa ko li n-nyɛ Nutriculture Ltd (UK) din be Mawdesley, Lancashire, UK, yuuni 2000.

Kamantoon gbuŋ din zoori pam Walt Disney World Resort "experimental greenhouses" din be Lake Buena Vista, Florida ni tooi nyɛ kamantoon gbuŋ din galisi dunia zaa. Kamantoon gbuŋ maa nyɛla "Guinness World Record Holder" ni mi shɛli yɛla, ka di niŋ kamantoonsi gari tuhi pihita ni ayi ni timsi din yiɣisi 522 kg (1,151 lb). Di kamantoon gbuni yini kam nyɛla din niŋdi kamantoonsi tuhi bɔbigui. Yong Huang, Epcot kpɛma zaŋ ti pukparigu yaɣili, nyɛla ŋun nyɛ kamantoon gbuŋ din yi di ko Beijing, China. Huang ʒila di ʒi kuli Epcot n-ti bɔ soya ni di zooi ni. Lala kamantoon gbuŋ maa daa niŋla kamantoon kara, ka bɛ daa mali li niŋdi bindirigu ni "Walt Disney World restaurants" ni. Dɔro daa gbaai lala kamantoon gbuŋ maa ka bɛ daa yiihili Anashaara goli April yuuni 2010 di ni daa niŋ chira pinaata nyaaŋa.

• 
  Tomato plants 7 days after planting
• 
  Tomato seedlings growing indoors
• 
  27 days after planting
• 
  52-day-old plant, first fruits
• 
  Tomatoes being collected from the field, Maharashtra, India

Storage

Kamantoo zaŋ zali viɛnyɛla nyɛla di yi na bi paɣi ka a zali room temperature ka bi che wuntaŋ kpɛri li. Di bi niŋ viɛnyɛla ni a zaŋ li niŋ firiiji puuni dama di pɔɣu maa bi kpɛma lala zuɣu di nyaɣisim nyɛla din yɛn booi.

Di yi niŋ ka di duɣu maa do tiŋgbani ni tirisi di shelf life, amaa ka leei che ka di pooi yomyom.

Kamantoo din na bi mooi nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni tooi mali niŋdi piɛɣu ni ka di mooi.

Anfooninima

For a more comprehensive list, see List of tomato cultivars.

• 
  Various heirloom tomato (heritage tomato in British English) cultivars
• 
  Homegrown multicolored tomatoes
• 
  A variety of cultivars, including Brandywine (biggest red), Black Krim (lower left) and Green Zebra (top left)
• 
  Red tomatoes with PLU code in a supermarket

Further reading

• David Gentilcore. Pomodoro! A History of the Tomato in Italy (Columbia University Press, 2010), scholarly history
• (5 June 2012) "The Chemical Interactions Underlying Tomato Flavor Preferences". Current Biology 22 (11): 1035–1039. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.016. PMID 22633806.

External links

• Tomato Genome Sequencing Project – Sequencing of the twelve tomato chromosomes.
• Tomato core collection database – Phenotypes and images of 7,000 tomato cultivars

Lahabali ŋɔ kuli nyɛla zaɣa ŋmaa. A ni tooi sɔŋsi Wikipedia ka ti sabi li ka di yaligi.