Dagbani Wikipedia

Garamba National Park

Garamba National Park Nyɛla paaki din waɣilim paai 2000 square-mili ( 5,200 km2) ka di be north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Di nyɛla din pahi Africa's paaki kura zuɣu, ka di daa nyɛ World Heritage Site UNESCO nima ni daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1980 di kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ jɛndi di gu ka taɣi di puuni binnɛma zaŋ ti northern white rhinoceroses, wɔbiri, ŋama, ni mɔlfunima.[1] Garamba nyɛla African Parks nima ni yuuni shɛli zuɣu nti pahi Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN) nangbanyini, tum yuuni 2005.

Garamba paaki karili
national park
Di pilli ni1938 Mali niŋ
Zuliya wuhibuparc national de la Garamba Mali niŋ
IUCN protected areas categoryIUCN category II: National Park Mali niŋ
TiŋaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Mali niŋ
Din be shɛli polonaOrientale Province Mali niŋ
Tiŋgbaŋ yaɣili calinli4°0′0″N 29°15′0″E, 4°11′44″N 29°28′51″E Mali niŋ
ToondaantaliInstitut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature Mali niŋ
Significant eventList of World Heritage in Danger Mali niŋ
Heritage designationWorld Heritage Site, Tentative World Heritage Site Mali niŋ
Lahabaya dundɔŋ din mali dihitabilihttps://www.garambanationalparkcongo.com/ Mali niŋ
Described at URLhttp://www.iccnrdc.cd/garamba.htm Mali niŋ
World Heritage soli(vii), (x) Mali niŋ

Di yɛtɔɣ’ ŋmaa

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Garamba National paaki daa nyɛla bɛ ni nam shɛli 1938 yuuni. Ka di pili polo nyɛ kamani 4,900 km2 (1,900 sq mi) ka be northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. ka Gangala-na-Bodio Hunting Reserve yaɣ' shɛli din nyɛ, Nudirigu, Nuzaa nti tabili Wulinluɣili ni gili shɛli n-naɣi South Sudan wulinluɣili ni wulinpuɣili. Di paɣila Sudano–Guinean savanna yaɣali.[2][3]

Paaki ŋɔ nyɛla Africa paaki kura la yini bɛ ni min guli shɛŋa la yaɣali.[4] Di dola lɛbigimsim yaɣali between  two centres of endemism:Guinea-Congolian mini Guinean-Sudanese savanna. Lala bikɔbiri gulibu yaɣ' ayi ŋɔ sɔŋya zaŋ jɛndi binkɔb' kara balibu pam yulibu, ka daa ti lu pam zaŋ jɛndi bikɔbiri ŋɔ nyaanlabɔ yuun gbaliŋ nyaanŋa ka di daliri daa nyɛla poaching.[5] Garamba National Paaki biɛla nonprofit conservation organization African Parks sulinsi ni ka mali laɣingu ni Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN), Bini din gbaai yuuni 2005.[6]

ICCN rangers mini augmented ni linjima nima zaŋ ti Congo republic linjima nima yaɣili tumdi ni bɛ gu ka taɣi Garamba ka chɛ poachers  mini ban tuhiri gɔmnanti.[5]

Taarihi

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  1. WHD

Yakubu Fadilatu (Yɛltɔɣa) 18:06, 6 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT) National paaki karili ŋɔ daa malila yuuni 1938[7][8]

World Heritage site ŋɔ daa nyɛla UNESCO nima ni mali shɛli yuuni 1980. Lala tiŋ' zaa paaki ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni kpa shɛli yuuni 1938. Paaki ŋɔ daa nyɛla UNESCO ni daa boli shɛli World Heritage Site yuuni 1980, ka daa pahi special agency's yuya din daa laɣim World Heritage in Danger din gbaai yuuni 1984 zaŋ chaŋ 1992.[9][10]Yuuni 1991 mini 1993 sunsuuni, Sudan refugees tuhi pihinu daa nyɛla ban be Garamba ŋɔ sambani ni din daa niŋ ka Sudan People's Liberation nima daa taɣiba biɛhigu shee, ka di daa kpaŋsi tayiɣisigu. Lahibali wuhiya ni zabili kɔbiga ni pishi ni yini ka be daa di shɛhira ka di zabi tayiɣisi ŋɔ mini ban yuuni paaki maa sunsuuni din gbaai yuuni 1993 zaŋ chaŋ 1995 ka tɔbu tuhiri nɛma daa yiɣisi kɔbisi wɔi ka bɛ daa nya li niriba sani din gbaai 1991 mini 1996 sunsuuni.[8] Flaawasi mini International Rhino Foundation daa bola laɣiri ti ni bɛ da kpaŋ niŋ bɛ bin kpɛra maa puuni yuuni 1994, ni bɛ tuma yɔri yuuni 1995 puli ni. Silimiin goli February, yuuni 1994, rhinos nihiba ayi- dabba ayi, Bawesi mini Juliet, ni paɣipuulana daa nyɛla bɛ ni ku shɛba.[8] Garamba daa nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli pahi barina yuya maa puuni yuuni 1996 ka bɛ daliri daa nyɛla northern white rhinoceros poaching maa zuɣu.[11][12] Bindaa doli luri be ni daa lu tuuli Congo tɔbu maa ni maa, ni Sundan tɔbu di pahiri ayi maa puuni maa, di daa kpa talahi ni bɛ vihi vihiri gahindili, Uganda nima ban daa be WNBF ni UNRF (II) puuni daa kpuɣila rifigi baa daa be Garamba National Park yuuni 1997 maa.[13] Laɣisi kamani Frankfurt Zoological society, International Union for Conservation of Nature, ni World Wildlife Fund daa tumya ni yalikadizani nima ni bɛ labi gu ka taɣi Garamba maa.[8] Garamba nyɛla Africa paaki nima ni yuuni shɛli zuɣu ka di pahi laɣim gbubi shɛli ICCN ni mali tum yuuni 2005 la. Africa paaki nima zubu taɣibu kpaŋmaŋa zuɣu chɛmi ka bɛ diriba shɛhira viɛlli ka dama bɛ di nasara ka di filim bunkɔbiri kpibu.[7] BBE yɛliya ni Garamba nyɛla ban nyari bɛ laɣiri dira European Union ni ban kuli paɣi bɛ suhu ka tabiri sɔŋdiba surigu ni.Ban tooi lahi tɔhiri pahiri n-nyɛ United States Agency for International Development, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildcat Foundation ni World Bank,[14] kamani Africa paaki nima ni yɛli shɛm.[15] Tum yuuni 2005 hali zuŋɔ, kuɣu shɛli bɛ ni gu ka taɣi maa yuli kuli booni la Gbuɣinli biɛhigu shee nti pahi Domaine Chasse Bill Uere.[16] Ba zuri daa kula kamani paaki guliba ninvuɣu pishi ni yini yuumpia din gari la pɔi ni yuuni 2017, ka fukumsi buɣubahi kpaŋmaŋa daa chɛ ka mooi nini ti Garamba ka daa mo bɛ yaa tariga n-daa kpa bɛ dahalali ninyuya yulibu shee biɛhigu.[4] Joseph Keny Lords Residence Army nyɛla ban zaŋ paaki maa di anfaani tum yuun' kɔbiga din garila puuni.[6][7][17] Yuuni 2009, guerrilla laɣingu nima daa nyɛla ban liri Garamba Nagero station, n-daa kamani niriba anii laasabu, nti pahi paaki guliba ayi zuɣu ka daa ti kamani ninvuɣu pia ni ata dansi. Lala niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban zu bindira ni kpama din niŋdi lɔra puuni, ka daa wurim ka saɣim paaki maa duri ni mɛri shɛŋa be ni kuli me m-me n-zali.[7] Tayiɣisi ŋɔ daa lahi kula niriba anu ban daa nyɛ paaki guliba ŋɔ ni niriba ata ban mi daa nyɛ Congo linjima nima ban daa kuli nyɛ tuuntumdi shɛba ban be nimaani maa ka di nyɛla shintɔni dibaa ata din daa niŋ yuuni 2015 puuni la.[6][18] Niriba pam daa nyɛla be ni daa ku shɛba Silimiin goli October puuni lala yuuni maa ni.[19] Silimiin goli April 2016, tayiɣisi daa ŋmɛmi n-ku bunkɔbi' guliba niriba ata, ka daa ti shɛba mi dansi pam (hali nti pahi Garamba manager ŋun na nyɛli lala saha maa),[20][21][22] ka niriba ayi gba daa nyɛla bɛ ni ku shɛba ka ban daa kuba maa daa nyɛla wabi' zuriba ban gba daa kana ni bɛ ti zu wabiri Silimiin goli April puuni yuuni 2017.[7][18][21] Kate Brooks ŋun daa nyɛ ŋun gɔri yaari anfooni nima la daa nyɛla yaari ninyula kpanjɔri Garamba ni o zaŋ ni o daaʒia sabbu puuni bee gbabbu puuni daa yɛliya ni bahigu bunkɔbiri maa, ni banguli paaki maa ninvuɣu pia ni ata daa nyɛla ban taɣi Garamba bɛ yaa tariga din gbaai silimiin goli January yuuni 2015 ni silimiin goli April yuuni 2017 sunsuuni.[23] Yuuni 2017 puuni, National Geographic Documentary Films daa yihila ban daa gu ka taɣi maa: bɛ daa chani ni binkɔbi' gulibo nanda nima ŋɔ, ni shɛhira ŋmaa din daa kuli do polo ni yaai sɔŋ din nyɛ Kathryn Bigelow ni yaai shɛli zaŋ kpa paaki guliba maa polo ni bɛ kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ chaŋ bɛ gubu ni taɣiri shɛli bɛ ni daa guri ka taɣiri Garamba binkɔbi kpɛma ŋɔ maa.[4][24] Tribeca Film Festival zaŋ ban lahi kani pini n-zaŋ ti bunkɔbi guliba ban daa kɔŋ bɛ nyɛvuya ka di daa nyɛla bɛ daa gurimi ka taɣiri Garamba  maa "ni bɛ yaa ni bɛ kpaŋmaŋa shɛba be ni daa zaŋ taɣi wabiri maa ban be Garamba maa puuni maa", silimiin goli April yuuni 2017 puuni.[23]

Works cited

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  • Prunier, Gérard (July 2004). "Rebel Movements and Proxy Warfare: Uganda, Sudan and the Congo (1986–99)". African Affairs 103 (412): 359–383. DOI:10.1093/afraf/adh050.

Further reading

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Kundivihira

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  1. ↑ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/136
  2. ↑ De Merode, E. (2000-01). "The spatial correlates of wildlife distribution around Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo" (in en). International Journal of Remote Sensing 21 (13-14): 2665–2683. DOI:10.1080/01431160050110223. ISSN 0143-1161.
  3. ↑ http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/05/wildlife-watch-360-videos-the-protectors-garamba-poaching/
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Gettleman, Jeffrey (2012-09-04). "Elephants Dying in Epic Frenzy as Ivory Fuels Wars and Profits" (en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/world/africa/africas-elephants-are-being-slaughtered-in-poaching-frenzy.html.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nast, Condé (2016-05-04). Shootout in Garamba (en-US).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 DRC’s Garamba National Park: The last giraffes of the Congo (en-US) (2017-05-09).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos (en).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Avant, Deborah D.; Avant, Deborah D. (2005-08-04). The Market for Force: The Consequences of Privatizing Security (in English). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85026-1.
  9. ↑ "Garamba National Park", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-09-10, retrieved 2022-12-09
  10. ↑ "Garamba National Park", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-09-10, retrieved 2022-12-09
  11. ↑ "Prince William in plan to tackle wildlife trafficking" (en-GB). BBC News. 2016-03-15. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-35814135.
  12. ↑ Heale, Jay; Yong, Jui Lin (2009-09). The Democratic Republic of the Congo (in English). Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-4478-7. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ↑ Error on call to Şablon:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified.
  14. ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. UNESCO World Heritage Centre - State of Conservation (SOC 2004) Garamba National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (en).
  15. ↑ Partners (en).
  16. ↑ Anderson, J.L. (1981-01). "The re-establishment and management of a lion Panthera leo population in Zululand, South Africa". Biological Conservation 19 (2): 107–117. DOI:10.1016/0006-3207(81)90046-x. ISSN 0006-3207.
  17. ↑ Kony 2013: U.S. Quietly Intensifies Effort to Help African Troops Capture Infamous Warlord (Posted 2013-10-29 16:43:39) ; Special Operations Forces "Pushing on All Fronts" in Their Assistance to African Troops, Commander Says - The Washington Post | HighBeam Research (2015-01-16).
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Dasgupta, Shreya (2017-04-25). Two wildlife rangers killed by poachers in DRC (en).
  19. ↑ "Four rangers killed by poachers in Congo national park" (en-AU). ABC News. 2015-10-09. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-10/four-rangers-killed-by-poachers-in-garamba-national-park-congo/6843414.
  20. ↑ Elephant poachers have killed three rangers at a wildlife park (en) (2016-04-26).
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Armed poachers killing rangers who defend elephants in Congo park (en-US).
  22. ↑ African park ranger hits out at Hong Kong ivory trade (en).
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Brooks, Kate (2017-05-13). "Where Terrorism and the Ivory Trade Collide" (en). The Daily Beast. https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2017/05/13/where-terrorism-and-the-ivory-trade-collide.
  24. ↑ Kathryn Bigelow on VR: 'I Love It' - Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL) | HighBeam Research (2018-04-13).
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