Doina
Doina (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdojna]) nyɛla Romanian yila balli shɛli ka nyɛ din pili ni Middle Eastern, Romanian peasant music n-ti pahi Lăutărească. Di nyɛla bɛn daa kpaɣi shɛli pahi klezmer yila ni.[1]
| Yaɣ sheli | Romanian folk music, traditional folk song  |
|---|---|
| Tingbani shɛli din yina | Romania |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00192, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00192, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00192 |
Di ŋmali nyɛla din be Eastern Europe mini Balkans. Balkans yaɣa shɛŋa bɛ booni la yili ŋɔ scaros bee scaruscaru.[citation needed]
Pili li mini nahingbana
mali niŋBéla Bartók yɛli ni doina nyɛla din piligi Northern Transylvania yuuni 1912 ka mali dihitabili ni di jɛndi la Romanian. Din daa niŋ ka o baŋ di ŋmali din be Ukraine, Albania, Algeria, Middle East n-ti pahi Northern India, o daa mali la dihitabili ni di nyɛla din pahi Arabo-Persian.[2] O daa zaŋ Romanian doina maɣisi Turkish/Arabic Makam. Romanian ethnomusicologists shɛba daa bɛ saɣiti Bartók's lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ ka daa yɛli Bartók bɛ zaan tuhi anti-Romanian. Romanian doina ni ŋmani yili shɛŋa dabam shɛm nyɛla bɛn sabi shɛli niŋ kundinim ni non-Romanian[3] mini Romanian[4][5] zaa. Hali ni 20th century piligu, lăutari[5] mini klezmer yili yiindiba zaa[6] nyɛla ban daa mali taksim ŋmɛri bɛ yila nima. Bɛ daa ti zaŋ taksim taɣi doina ka di nyɛla din ŋmani taba la zuɣu amaa ka lee kuli bahi mali binshɛŋa ka di wali taba. Romanian ethnomusicologist mini Grigore Leşe yili yiindiba ni daa laɣim Iranian yili yiindiba ni daa baŋ ya ni doinas zaŋ n-ti Maramureş nyɛla din mali "great affinities" ni Arabo-Persian music.[7]
The doina is a free-rhythm, highly ornamented (usually melismatic), improvisational tune.[8] The improvisation is done on a more or less fixed pattern (usually a descending one), by stretching the notes in a rubato-like manner, according to the performer's mood and imagination. Usually the prolonged notes are the fourth or fifth above the floor note.
The peasant doinas are mostly vocal and monophonic and are sung with some vocal peculiarities that vary from place to place: interjections (măi, hei, dui-dui, iuhu), glottal clucking sounds, choked sobbing effects, etc.[4] Instrumental doinas are played on simple instruments, usually various types of flutes, or even on rudimentary ones, such as a leaf. The peasant doina is a non-ceremonial type of song and is generally sung in solitude, having an important psychological action: to "ease one's soul" (de stâmpărare in Romanian). Grigore Leşe believes that, while scholars describe in great detail the technical aspects of the doina, they fail to understand its psychological aspects. Doinas are lyrical in aspect and their common themes are melancholy, longing (dor), erotic feelings, love for nature, complaints about the bitterness of life or invocations to God to help ease pain, etc.
Unlike peasant doinas, lăutar and klezmer doinas are usually accompanied and played on more complex instruments (violin, pan-pipe, cymbalom, accordion, clarinet, tarogato, etc.). Also, unlike peasant doinas, lăutar and klezmer doinas are mostly played as an introduction to another tune, usually a dance.
In the regions of Southern Romania, Romani lăutari developed a type of doina called cântec de ascultare (meaning "song for listening", sometimes shortened to de ascultare or simply ascultare). The cântec de ascultare spread to other regions of Romania, with local particularities.
Klezmer Doinas are influenced by Hassidic niguns.
Doina ballibu
mali niŋ- Hora lungă - Maramureş.
- Ca pe luncă - found along the Danube.
- Oltului - found along the Olt River.
- De codru - codru gbunni nyɛla "forest".
- Haiduceşti (cântece haiduceşti, Cântece de haiducie) - "haiduc's songs" haiduc means "outlaw" or "brigand".
- Ca din tulnic - unique type in which the melody imitates a type of Alpenhorn called the tulnic.[9]
- Ciobanului - shepherd's doina.
- De dragoste - di nyɛla din tooi jɛndi yurilim; dragoste gbunni nyɛla yurilim ("love").
- De jale - mellow, mournful doina; jale means "grief".
- De leagăn - a lullaby; leagăn means "cradle".
- De pahar - drinking song; pahar means "drinking glass".
- Foaie verde - classical form; literally "green leaf".
- Klezmer - ban ŋmɛri li Jewish yili yiindiba ban yina Bessarabia mini Moldavia.
Di saha ŋɔ biɛhigu
mali niŋ20th century piligu, doina nyɛ yili shɛli din daa niŋ bayana, yaɣa shɛŋa mi di koŋko n-daa nyɛ yili shɛli niriba ni mi amaa zuŋɔ niriba pam nyɛla ban bɛ mi lala yili ŋɔ.
Doina ŋɔ lee na nyɛla din niŋ bayana repertoire zaŋ n-ti lăutari ban yina Ardeal mini Banat legion nima.
Yuuni 1976 BBC "religious television programme" The Light of Experience nyɛla ban daa kpaɣi Gheorge Zamfir’s n-daa ti yaai "Doina De Jale". Epic Records nyɛla ban daa bahi yili ŋɔ ka di daa dɔni kalinli bunahi zuɣu UK charts.
Yuuni 2009, bɛ daa zaŋ doina pahi UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Kundivihira
mali niŋ- ↑ The Jews of North America
- ↑ Béla Bartók Essays
- ↑ The Romanian Doina
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hora lunga (doina, cantec lung).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 World Library Of Folk And Primitive Music Vol 17: Romania - Linear Notes by Speranța Rădulescu
- ↑ Stacy Phillips - Klezmer collection for C instruments
- ↑ Interview with Grigore Leşe
- ↑ Peter van der Merwe - Origins of the Popular Style
- ↑ The Romanian Doina.
Tɛmplet:UNESCO Oral and Intangible Eastern Europe Tɛmplet:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music