Căluşari

Călușari maa (Romanian: Călușarii, Romanian bɔlibu: [kəluˈʃarʲ]; Bulgarian: Калушари or Русалии; Macedonian: Русалии, zaɣ'gaŋa: Călușar) nyɛla ban yina  fraternal secret society puuni ban maani bɛ buɣa ni  acrobatic dance, shɛli bɛ ni mi ni  căluș la. Romanian maŋmaŋa, lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla din daa pa ti gili paai Bulgaria mini North Macedonia. Di piinila  Easter yi di bakɔi dibaata nyaaŋa naɣila  Pentecost saha, dini bɔli shɛli ni   Rusalii din be  Romanian, bakɔi dibaayi sunsuuni, bɛ nyɛla ban gɔ gili bɛ tin' kpan'bihi maa zaa nti luɣ' shɛŋa bɛ ni yɛn wa waa maa, nti pahi gonjenima ashɛm n-ŋɔ.[1]

Căluşari

rite, ritual, waa balibu

Yaɣ sheli	fraternal organization
Tiŋa	Moldavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia
Tingbani shɛli din yina	Romania
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00090, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00090, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00090

wahi din gmani taba

Trilișești mini  Țânțăroiul din yina  Moldavia mini Bărbătescul ni  De sărit din yina Maramureș nyɛla din mali nahingbana din yɔli  ka  De bâtă, Haidău, mini Fecioreasca of Transylvania  nyɛ din miri Călușari maa, nti lahi zaŋ complex later developments m-pahi.[7]

The English Morris dance  nyɛla din  choreography ŋmani taba, nti pahi  ritualistic sword dance maa gbunni ni bɛ neen'yɛra zaa ŋmani la taba. Din tooi lahi nyɛ  European folk dance din yala bi tɔ, dinzuɣu di mini   common folk kpini ta

Military Elements

Bɛ waa puuni,   Călușari maa nyɛlaban ʒiri club nima ni sua nti pahi bɛ tuuta ni wooden horsehead. Bɛ yɛn pɔmi n-ti bɛ tuuta maa ni ka dama de bɛ nyɛla ban yɛn gbubi taba ka daŋ n-nyɛ ba la,  ni ka ti to Călușari zalisi jilima ni ka bi gabisi bɛ maŋa dabaa awɔi. [5] Bɛ yi labi ma yiŋa , bɛ tuuta maa nyɛla bɛ ni yɛn zaŋ shɛli sɔŋ tiŋa, ka bɛ mi yino durili ka kuhira pam pam ” tɔbu, n simnima , tɔbu""

Association with fairies

Romanian historian Mircea Eliade yɛliya, ni , Călușari nima ni niriba daa mi ba mi ka bɛ niŋsim ŋmaila bɛ ni tooi yiɣi zuɣusaa "[5] ka o dihitabili ni bana n-nyɛ galloping of a horse mini  the dancing of the fairies (zîne). Yɛlimaŋli, laɣingu maa toondana n-daa nyɛ  "Queen of the Fairies" (Doamna Zânelor), bɛ ni daa lahi mi Irodiada mini  Arada, ninvuɣ' so  Eliade ni daa zaŋ milisi the folkloric figure Diana.[6] Călușari  maa daa nyɛla niriba ni dihitabili shɛli ni di ni tooi tibi ban mali  fairies dɔriti.[1

Căluș dance

căluș  maa nyɛla dabba waa laɣingu, amaa vihigu wuhiya zaŋ jemdi bɛ kali din yina  Oltenia region ni bi'puɣimbil' yino chani ayi namini be di puuni,  pumpɔŋɔ bɛ pa yila bɛ ko.  Bɛ yɛn piila paɣa tin' kpaŋa kam bɛ mi gari , bɛ yɛn piigi o mi n-doli o waa milinsi bee o waa baŋsim. Paɣ'palo maa yɛn pɔla saha shɛli o ni pahi ka bɛ wari bɛ waa maa, yuun'muna ata.

Wa'wariba maa yɛn sɔla jinjam piɛla nti pahi liiga piɛl'bɔɣuŋmahi, ka di kɔm nyɛ din ne ka yirina nŋbɛ zipiliti ni. Dawulenima nyɛla bɛ ni yɛn zaŋ shɛli lɔ bɛ napɔn'chehi ni , ka wahi maa nyɛ ni bɛ zaŋ silimiinsi ni bɔli bin'shɛɣu ni   ornate sticks  la n-gbubi li zuɣusaa ka wari waa maa  bee ka di sa tiŋa  din yɛn sɔŋ ba ka bɛ bi lu. Waa maa maŋmaŋ nyɛla  acrobatic, din kuli nyɛ yiɣibu, di ku ŋmanila  Ceili dance.

Kamani Morris dance nima pam puuni, kaya pam puuni  Călușari dancers nyɛla jarigu , din gbunni nyɛ  "nebun", bee ŋun ka alaafee  ("crazy" ).

Wahi maa n-nyɛ din dɔ gbunni ŋɔ;[4]

• The starting figure of walking (plimbări), bee waa napɔŋ shɛli din wari gindi sayaalooni .

• More complex figures (mișcare) Di nyɛla din wari  kamani a chani mi la

• Figures are formed from combinations of elements, often have a beginning-middle-end structure.

Taarihi

Călușari  pilli , so bɛ mi li, amaa di tuuli sabbu zaŋ jɛndi li nyɛla din pili  17th-century musical notations of Ioan Căianu.[citation needed]

Romanian historian of religion Mircea Eliade  yɛliya ni " ni pɔri shɛli din pɔ maa nyɛla din pɔ ni Naawuni yuli, mythico-ritual scenario calusari  ni pili shɛli mini dolodolo daadiini bɛ kpini taba" ni tɔ amaa,  19th century puuni , ni sabbu daa dii ka bɛ laɣingu maa ni  ka bɛ niriba maa daa nyɛ ban lahi ka nu'timbo  zaŋ jɛndi yɛltɔɣa gbaabu puuni yuma ata lala yaɣili maa.

ETYMOLOGY

Mircea Eliade dihitabili ni  Călușari bachi ŋɔ pilli nyɛla  Romanian bachi  shɛli bɛ ni booni wahu ( horse,),cal,  din yina   Latin caballus puuni.[2]

Sokam saɣi dee Căluș nyɛla din yina Latin zaɣ'kurili buyi zuɣu  "collusium, collusii", din gbunni nyɛ"waa laɣingu"  nti pahi  "ashili ʒilɛli ni", dinzuɣu, di gbunni shɛŋa  nyɛla bɛ ni  yɛli.  Romanian bachi din nyɛ căluș gbunni gba lahi nyɛla  " dabil'shɛli di ni zaŋ niŋ nira noli ni ka o ku tooi yɛli yɛltɔɣa", ka lala bachi ŋɔ ni yina shɛli mali tabbu din yina the presence of the mute figure m-be laɣin'shɛŋa ni, nti pahi  the ritual silence shɛli laɣingu maa zaa ni yi niŋda. Shɛba nya la căluș ka di nyɛ wahu ŋun nyɛ zaɣ' bila (cal "horse"), din gba zaa yina  Latin caballus puuni, ka lahi yɛri tiri horse's mythical associations ni yaa mini tɔbu, nti pahi  imitation of horses din be  Căluș dances shɛŋa ni, amaa lala waa ŋɔ dii ka nua timbu lala buɣili maligu ŋɔ puuni . Zal'shɛli gba nyɛla din din yina Another "Coli-Salii" puuni,  Roman priests maa nyɛla ŋun jamda Mars.[3]

Di Buɣisbu

Kali puuni, ,  Călușari laɣingu ŋɔ nyɛla din nyɛ ashili bini, din nyɛ dabba kɔ (male-only society associated ) nti pahi spring rite, nti pahi pahi tɔb'tuhiriba ʒilɛya ban guui. Laɣingu maa toondana  (ŋun nyɛ do'ninkurigu) m-bɔri  acolytenima , ban ʒim na tula sahakam,  zaɣ' kura bɛ ni piigi bɛ yaa zuɣusingle. Niriba ban be laɣingu maa ni nyɛla ban po ashili pɔri, di saha n-nyɛ bɛ pahi tum di ni tu ni bɛ tum shɛ ka bɛ wuhi ba wahi maa balibu zaa. The groups of Călușari laɣinsi nyɛla ban gɔ n-gili tiŋ'maani  spring-time saha, n-gili kaai tin'kpam'bihi ka pahi wa bɛ  week-end dances – hora maa.

Lihi pahi

• Green week
• Hobby horse
• Weapon dance
• Sântoaderi

Kundivihira

Bibliography

• Kligman, Gail (1977). Căluș: Symbolic Transformation in Romanian Ritual. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
• Eliade, Mircea (1973). "Notes on the Călușari". Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University 5 (The Gaster Festschrift).
• Eliade, Mircea (1975). "Some Observations on European Witchcraft". History of Religions 14 (3): 149–172. DOI:10.1086/462721.
• Ceată de feciori – men's group dances. Eliznik (2018).
• Lower Danubian Călușari. Eliznik (2020a).

Karim pahi

• Mellish, Liz (2006), The Romanian Căluș tradition and its changing symbolism as it travels from the village to the global platform (PDF), Uppsala University, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2007
• Transylvanian Călușeri. Eliznik (2020b).

External links

• The history of sacred dances: Choros, Hora, Calusul and Morris dance
• Vancouver Morris Men's account of dancing with Canada's Regina Călușari in 1997
• The Romanian Călușari
• Proclamation of the Oral and Intagible Heritage of Humanity: The Calus Tradition
• Călușari dance history and background from the Dunav website